Many readers may be unfamiliar with the way economists typically view the process of technological change, thus it is useful to first establish this common understanding. Furthermore, to understand the potential for public policy to affect energy efficiency, it is also necessary to understand the process through which technology evolves: invention, innovation, energy diffusion, and product use. (more…)

Hydrogen has many applications when it comes to fuel. It can be used both in internal combustion engines and hydrogen fuel cells. Hydrogen engines are using the same principle the same way as gasoline fuels or hydrogen natural gas burned combustion, while the chemical energy of hydrogen used to generate electricity and heat transmission. Since the electrochemical reactions produced more efficient energy compare to the combustion energy, fuel cells are created more efficient fuel compare to internal combustion engines. In the long term it will benefit to the more efficient hydrogen fuel conversion process. (more…)

The most commonly researched and most developed application of using hydrogen as a fuel source is in conjunction with a hydrogen fuel cell. Fuel cells operate by mixing hydrogen and oxygen to produce water and electricity. The electricity can then be used to provide power to homes, schools, and even businesses or to power cars and other vehicles. Some experts believe that internal combustion engines (ICEs) that are fueled by hydrogen are just as important. Hydrogen could be used as fuel for transportation by creating internal combustion engines for vehicles that run on hydrogen or hydrogen fuel mixtures. (more…)

The internal combustion engine has dominated the car and light-truck market for over 100 years. Although remarkable improvements have been made over the past 30 years to reduce air pollutants to nearly zero and to almost double vehicle efficiency, increasing concerns about global warming and energy security are pushing vehicles toward even greater efficiency. (more…)