The next time you hear an airplane flying overhead, look up, and pause for a moment. What you see is a machine that is heavier than air, but which is somehow being sustained in the air. This is due to the airflow over the airplane. This airflow exerts a lift force which counteracts the weight of the airplane and sustains it in the air—a good thing. The airflow also exerts a aerodynamic drag force on the airplane which retards its motion—a bad thing. The drag must be counteracted by the thrust of the engine in order to keep the airplane going. The production of thrust by the engine consumes energy. Hence, the energy efficiency of the airplane is intimately related to aerodynamic drag. This is just one of many examples where the disciplines of aerodynamics and energy interact. (more…)
One of the most important aerodynamic effects on energy consumption required to keep a body moving through a fluid is the aerodynam ...
If water is put on the floor on a cleaning operation, it tends to dry rapidly after a short time. In this position, we say that ...
In contrast to electromagnetic suspension systems, electrodynamic suspension systems can provide stable suspension without a feedba ...
The comfort heating system in a building brings itself to the concept of complete heating operating unit. In order to work prop ...
Oceanic heat flow data show a clear variation with the age of the lithosphere. Values greater than 100 mW m –2 occur near the r ...
Silicon is the material of choice for most Micro Electro Mechanical Systems due to (1) the feature size often being in the range of less than 20 mm requiring single crystalline material and (2) the dependence on fabrication techniques developed by the electronics industry for processing this material. However, it is a particularly poor choice for the larger thermally based devices that characterize Microtechnology-Based Energy and Chemical Systems. The room temperature thermal conductivity of silicon is approximately 150 (W/mK). Use of this material leads to high rates of heat transmission across the short distances where temperature gradients occur. The thermal conductivity of silicon above 10001C falls to below 25 W/mK, but the average value can still be high. (more…)
Fabrication techniques developed for integrated circuit (IC) production have been refined to the extent of supporting a multi-b ...
n fabricating microscale energy systems, a number of operating conditions must first be taken into account. Foremost are the op ...
Micro technology can be employed to produce miniaturized refrigeration and cryocooling systems. Although process intensificat ...
Many characteristics of traditional engines make them attractive for use in power generation and propulsion technology. They tend t ...
So-called thin-film photovoltaic devices are usually based on mixtures of elements other than silicon — most notably copper ind ...
The most fundamental process from an energy systems standpoint is heat transfer to (or from) a working fluid. This unit operation typically occurs in small channels, the characteristic diameter of which is less than 1 mm. Other heat transfer exchanger configurations, such as fluid flowing through a network of posts or through a mesh, are also possible. Specific examples of this fundamental unit operation include phase change occurring in boilers (modular steam boiler), evaporators, and condensers. (more…)
Mixing is a process where two or more liquids or gas phase components are brought together and combined to form a uniform compositi ...
Micro technology can be employed to produce miniaturized refrigeration and cryocooling systems. Although process intensificat ...
Separation is a unit operation used in absorption heat pumps and chemical processing applications such as solvent extraction and pr ...
Microtechnology-Based Energy and Chemical Systems will most likely employ combustion for driving processes such as vapor generation ...
Many small-scale energy systems require effective miniaturized pumps and expanders. These devices are responsible for conveying ...
Many characteristics of traditional engines make them attractive for use in power generation and propulsion technology. They tend to be self-aspirating and rely on combustion, which at the macroscale is a very robust form of heat generation. Fuel is plentiful and inexpensive, with storage easily realized. The energy density of the fuel (or fuel plus container), when compared with electrochemical sources, is high. Along with these advantages come a number of drawbacks, especially where miniaturization is concerned. For example, an engine is thermodynamically restricted (by the Carnot efficiency) in its conversion of chemical energy to work due to the intermediate heat-generating step. (more…)
Heat-actuated heat pumps are cooling systems requiring no electricity for operation. Rather, a heat source is used, avoiding the ne ...
Hydrogen has many applications when it comes to fuel. It can be used both in internal combustion engines and hydrogen fuel cells. ...
Microtechnology-Based Energy and Chemical Systems will most likely employ combustion for driving processes such as vapor generation ...
The product gas can be burned in boilers to generate heat and raise steam, in internal combustion engines to generate electricity a ...
Micro technology can be employed to produce miniaturized refrigeration and cryocooling systems. Although process intensificat ...
Steam is a great heat transfer medium simply because it’s easy to move inside your system. Steam heating is known to have a very high heat retention capacity. The heat capacity of steam is much bigger compare than that of water. Steam systems are frequently working on very low pressure and generally below 220F. (more…)
Steam heating is an absolutely wonderful method to heat your home. Steam heat is always driven by steam produced from water in ...
Loos presented its latest technology in steam boilers: the Universal U-MB. The innovative high-volume boiler water vapor to yie ...
Visual inspection is usually good enough for under roof insulation that is accessible, as in boiler rooms, pipe chases, and ste ...
Insulation is what keeps the heat energy of a boiler system from leaking out of the system on its way to the end users. Inspect ...
The total installed geothermal power generating capacity in the world is approximately 9000 MWe from 21 countries, with the United ...
Numerous other parts are needed for a complete fuel cell engine suitable for motor vehicles. These auxiliary components include many familiar pieces of equipment, such as blowers, pumps, heat exchangers, sensors, and controls. However, fuel cells have specialized performance requirements, so substantial engineering effort is needed to develop auxiliary systems suitable for fuel cell vehicles. (more…)
It is progress in the development of hydrogen-air PEM stacks that has made fuel cells a contender for powering automobiles of the f ...
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that directly converts a fuel to electricity by means of reactions on the surfaces of ...
Fuel cells are typically classified according to type of electrolyte. While many varieties of fuel cells have been demonstrated ...
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells have high-power density, rapid startup, and low-temperature operation (around 80 to 120 C), and ...
Heat-actuated heat pumps are cooling systems requiring no electricity for operation. Rather, a heat source is used, avoiding the ne ...
In these regenerators the heat energy transfer between primary and secondary fluid is primarily by radiation and its installation is always done in a vertical stack.This type of exchange is strongly favoured by temperature, so that these retrievers are especially suitable in the following cases: (more…)
As a result of high and rising costs of fossil fuels and fossil fuels affect global environment concern , and by the reduction ...
Heat has a enormous influence in our daily lives. Heat quantity exposed in our live has related to the foods we eat, the temper ...
Extensive insulation repairs are usually done by contractors having the specific skills and equipment appropriate to the type o ...
Since the 1980s, no large-capacity solar distillation plants have been built, mainly for the following reasons: Large installation ...
The most fundamental process from an energy systems standpoint is heat transfer to (or from) a working fluid. This unit operation t ...
Steam heating is an absolutely wonderful method to heat your home. Steam heat is always driven by steam produced from water in a pot of natural gas, oil and electricity. Then it draws through pipes and radiators and heat exchangers to heat your house or residential. Boiler is used to generate steam from water. When the water boils, steam rises through pipes to radiators to heat. Then, the hot radiators play its role to warm the house. (more…)
Steam is a great heat transfer medium simply because it's easy to move inside your system. Steam heating is known to have a ver ...
Loos presented its latest technology in steam boilers: the Universal U-MB. The innovative high-volume boiler water vapor to yie ...
Visual inspection is usually good enough for under roof insulation that is accessible, as in boiler rooms, pipe chases, and ste ...
Active solar hot water systems water are usable with air, liquid, vapor or liquid collector fluid or gas to liquid process. Hot ...
Several passive heating systems, if provided with proper ventilation, can ensure to provide cooling. Passive heating and cooling fo ...
Insulation is what keeps the heat energy of a boiler system from leaking out of the system on its way to the end users. Inspect the condition of your insulation often enough to keep the insulation from becoming seriously deteriorated. This measure summarizes what insulation does, what to insulate, and how to insulate. It also gives you several methods of finding defective insulation, even if it is buried. (more…)
Visual inspection is usually good enough for under roof insulation that is accessible, as in boiler rooms, pipe chases, and ste ...
Extensive insulation repairs are usually done by contractors having the specific skills and equipment appropriate to the type o ...
You know where to insulate, but there’s still one more thing you need to know about—vapor barriers. Well-insulated attics, craw ...
In many existing buildings, the only economical way to improve the thermal resistance of the roof is by having insulation insta ...
Steam is a great heat transfer medium simply because it's easy to move inside your system. Steam heating is known to have a ver ...
Micro technology can be employed to produce miniaturized refrigeration and cryocooling systems. Although process intensification is typically the route used for miniaturization, micro technology can also be used for reducing the size of mechanical components that are necessary for operation. For example, to create a small-scale vapor compression refrigerator, (more…)
Many small-scale energy systems require effective miniaturized pumps and expanders. These devices are responsible for conveying ...
The most fundamental process from an energy systems standpoint is heat transfer to (or from) a working fluid. This unit operation t ...
Many characteristics of traditional engines make them attractive for use in power generation and propulsion technology. They tend t ...
Heat-actuated heat pumps are cooling systems requiring no electricity for operation. Rather, a heat source is used, avoiding the ne ...
Microtechnology-Based Energy and Chemical Systems will most likely employ combustion for driving processes such as vapor generation ...