Global energy consumption in the last half century has increased very rapidly and is expected to continue to grow over the next 50 years. However, we expect to see significant differences between the last 50 years and the next. The past increase was stimulated by relatively “cheap” fossil fuels and increased rates of industrialization in North America, Europe, and Japan; yet while energy consumption in these countries continues to increase, additional factors are making the picture for the next 50 years more complex. These additional complicating factors include the very rapid increase fuel economy in energy use in China and India (countries representing about a third of the world’s population); the expected depletion of oil resources in the not-too-distant future; and the effect of human activities on global climate change. (more…)
The relationship of gross national product per capita to energy consumption per capita for most countries of the world correlat ...
The long-term prospects for the U.K. economy are inevitably uncertain, and the most recent Department of Energy long-term proje ...
Transportation is another sector that has increased its relative share of primary energy use. This sector has serious concerns ...
The development of the ‘‘new’’ wind and solar technologies is of great importance for the future contribution of RESs to energy sup ...
To determine the effects of past climate trends on global energy consumption, the econometric equations providing the degree day el ...
Exposure to air pollutants and air pollution problem are very high in indoor environments in developing countries. Smith has estimated that at the aggregate level (i.e., without accounting for particle size, chemical composition, and source), approximately 80% of total global exposure to airborne particulate matter occurs indoors in developing nations. Details of exposure for various household members, and the roles of both pollution and behavior (e.g., location with respect to stove and activities), have been studied and evaluated using new tools and technology. (more…)
Important research over the past few decades has illustrated that indoor air pollution and indoor smoke from solid fuel poses i ...
Exposure to indoor air pollution from the combustion of solid fuels has been implicated, with varying degrees of evidence, as a ...
Smoke from biomass and coal combustion contains a large number of pollutants with known health hazards, including particulate matte ...
Indoor air quality (IAQ) research deals with the presence, levels, health effects, and control of physical, chemical, and biologica ...
Reducing exposure to indoor air pollution from household energy use can be achieved through interventions in of the following a ...
Geographers researching the development of nuclear power have shifted emphasis from commercialization, cost, risk, public acceptance, and power plant siting in the 1950s through the early 1980s to reactor decommissioning and radioactive waste disposal since then. With nuclear power development on hold in most countries, attention has also been given to nuclear weapons facilities and weapons proliferation in an increasingly dangerous world. (more…)
Nuclear fission and fusion Research and Development continues to account for nearly half of the total spending by IEA countries, al ...
Sir Arthur Eddington’s general address on subatomic energy at the 1930 World Power Conference in Berlin stirred the imagination of ...
Although technology change (usually involving an improvement in energy efficiency) is not inherently a geographic process, it does ...
World energy use has increased steadily over the past several decades. Much of the growth in world energy consumption has been ...
Renewable energy sources cannot run out and causes so little damage to the environment that its use does not need to be restric ...
air pollution problems created by coal combustion. Meanwhile, coal-fired power plants and industrial boilers spewed out tons of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the atmo- sphere. During combustion, the small amounts of sulfur and nitrogen in coal combine with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur trioxide (SO3), and the oxides of nitrogen (NOx). (more…)
Coal is still used to a small extent for home heating and cooking. In the homes of more affluent nations, coal is used for recreati ...
A combination of legislation and technology has helped clean up many of the world’s coal-burning plants. Both developed and develop ...
Almost all fossil fuels use is by burning them to create energy. Burning process then produces waste products due to impurities in ...
Coal use today is no longer evocative of dirty power plants with polluting black smoke billowing from their smokestacks. Many o ...
Smoke from biomass and coal combustion contains a large number of pollutants with known health hazards, including particulate matte ...
Coal use today is no longer evocative of dirty power plants with polluting black smoke billowing from their smokestacks. Many of these plants have been transformed through technology to operate more efficiently and with significantly lower emissions. Some fire coal with other waste materials and others produce both electric power and heat transmission. Cases of plant retrofits and their new performance statistics are documented by various institutions, including the Energy Information Administration (http:// www.eia.doe.gov) and the World Coal Institute (http://www.wci-coal.com). The following examples highlight clean coal use throughout the world: (more…)
Natural gas and oil are common source energy used to give electricity. How efficient is coal if we compare to these other source of ...
A combination of legislation and technology has helped clean up many of the world’s coal-burning plants. Both developed and develop ...
The largest use of coal today is in the generation of electric power by electric utilities. According to the U.S. Energy Inform ...
Power consumption from electricity is an essential element of the U.S. economy since the beginning of the century. Coal power plant ...
The spark-ignition and compression-ignition engine and internal combustion engines technologies that are currently employed in motor vehicles were developed more than 100 years ago. These conventional vehicle technologies are fueled by petroleum-derived gasoline and diesel fuels (the socalled conventional fuels). Over the past 100 years, the conventional technologies have been dramatically improved, reducing cost and increasing performance. (more…)
ISO document 14040 identifies four areas for using life cycle analysis (LCA) results: (1) identifying opportunities to improve ...
The fuel cycle for a given transportation fuel includes the following processes: energy feedstock (or primary energy) product ...
There are different types of vehicle propulsion systems and the transportation fuels that have been studied for their potential ...
Because different studies have different system boundaries and parametric assumptions, the studies described in Section 7 resulted ...
For processes that produce multiple products, energy and emission burdens have to be allocated to individual products. ISO 14040 ad ...
Natural gas and oil are common source energy used to give electricity. How efficient is coal if we compare to these other source of energy? With respect to security of supply, coal has a clear advantage. The United States has about 300 million recoverable tons of coal. This amount is sufficiency to last 300 years if we are consuming coal in the same ratio that we used today. In addition, carbon is a versatile and cheap source of fuel. Coal can be used as a solid fuel or converted into a gas to replace expensive imported fuels. (more…)
The largest use of coal today is in the generation of electric power by electric utilities. According to the U.S. Energy Inform ...
Coal use today is no longer evocative of dirty power plants with polluting black smoke billowing from their smokestacks. Many o ...
Power consumption from electricity is an essential element of the U.S. economy since the beginning of the century. Coal power plant ...
The gradual change in the energy consumption pattern of the United States from 1860 to 1990. In the mid-1800s, biomass, princi ...
Coal is an important energy source and energy consumption in United States as well as worldwide. It will remain so for many yea ...
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The operations on-board an oil tanker transportation are radically different from those on other types of ships, primarily due to the physical properties of the cargo. The entire cargo operations are highly automated and proceed with no one on-board the ship or shore seeing the cargo physically. Even minor misunderstanding of an order or a miscalculation can cause a major spill in pristine locations. By the same token, a tanker crewed by properly trained seafarers under good management could very well be the safest ship afloat. Although most tanker voyages today are completed safely and go unreported, even a minor tanker pollution accident often gets widespread attention from the media, and the image of a polluted beach laden with dead flora and fauna is a sad and telling picture. (more…)
Tanker transportation and oil transport functions as an important link to facilitate the flow of oil and products from their li ...
Oil tankers can be classified into two broad categories: crude oil tankers and product tankers. Crude oil tankers are typically ...
Most major oil and gas firms engage in both upstream (i.e., hydrocarbon exploration and production) and downstream (i.e., hydro ...
Gasoline is used mainly by cars, motorcycles, and light trucks; diesel is used mainly by heavier trucks, buses, and trains. Togethe ...
The EU has a set of common rules on industries environmental permissions for industrial installations, which extend also to cover f ...
Mustard and sausages are a couple indestructible material. This dressing made from seeds of Brassica plants is inevitable in most hot dogs, hot dogs, according to the country we are. However, a group of Argentine scientists is to demonstrate that mustard also has other elements function utilities. (more…)
Researchers at the University of Cádiz (UCA) propose a technological change in the current process onhow to make biodiesel mo ...
Biodiesel is diesel fuel made from renewable sources of carbon such as used vegetable oil or animal fats used in cooking. In di ...
I just read a very good news via Reuters. And is that the EU has decided to distance themselves from biofuels usage. As we here ...
We had expressed our disagreement with Biofuels and tell them also that the European Union also wants to distance themselves from t ...
For every 100 units of biodiesel fuel produced using this method, there are 11 units of glycerin as a by-product. Glycerin is u ...
Do we have the resources? Rudolf Diesel developed the diesel engine which ran on biodiesel vegetable oil in the late 1800s. At the time, he speculated that his discovery seemed insignificant, but later could prove to be as important as mankind’s uncovering of future energy uses for petroleum and coal tar. Given the U.S.’ rapid expansion into biofuels, it would appear his vision was correct due to the drawbacks of biofuels. But widespread adoption of biomass-based fuels is not a foregone conclusion. Two questions haunt its progress. First, will it truly reduce U.S. reliance on fossil fuels? And second, is there enough farmland to accommodate widespread production, without jeopardizing food supplies? (more…)
Biofuels are made from living matter, plant or animal, and are strongly favored by agricultural interests because of the large ...
We had expressed our disagreement with Biofuels and tell them also that the European Union also wants to distance themselves from t ...
At present, in the United States and worldwide, motor vehicles are fueled almost exclusively by petroleum based gasoline (or re ...
One of the main benefits from future use of biofuels would be the reduction of greenhouse gases compared to the use of fossil f ...
Transportation is another sector that has increased its relative share of primary energy use. This sector has serious concerns ...