Transportation is another sector that has increased its relative share of primary energy use. This sector has serious concerns as it is a significant source of CO2 emissions and other airborne pollutants, and it is almost totally based on oil as its energy source. An important aspect of future changes in transportation depends on what happens to the available oil resources, production and prices. At present, 95% of all energy for transportation comes from oil. (more…)
Under both former President Bush and new President Obama, the U.S. government has vowed to reduce reliance on imported oil. The ...
Global energy consumption in the last half century has increased very rapidly and is expected to continue to grow over the next ...
From prehistory until the Industrial Revolution, most energy sources used by humans were localized (i.e., available within 5–10 mil ...
Do we have the resources? Rudolf Diesel developed the diesel engine which ran on biodiesel vegetable oil in the late 1800s. At the ...
One study that does address the peak-oil scenario directly is a 2005 report conducted for the National Energy Technology Labora ...
Power generation and distribution networks are built with spare capacity to meet peak periods of energy consumption is usually a time when demand for heating and / or cooling is particularly acute accommodate. Normally, peak electricity demand in some cases last just a few hours every year. And while the networks have always had to cope with peaks in recent years, the electricity consumption during peak hours has increased dramatically in the afternoon. (more…)
Here, the sensitivity of energy demand to climate is measured two ways. The first method uses elasticities that provide simple summ ...
HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) systems vary depending on the complexity of room units size from single rooms ...
To determine the effects of past climate trends on global energy consumption, the econometric equations providing the degree day el ...
After lighting, personal computers (PC) and monitors have the highest energy use in office environments. Studies have shown tha ...
The office copy machines (photocopier) is everywhere. Seven millions unit are in used in the United States and more than 1.5 mi ...
Reductions in carbon intensity, C/E, the carbon emitted per unit of energy generated, reflect the degree to which societies decarbonize their energy sources. The long-term trend has been a shift from coal to oil to natural gas––hydrocarbons with decreasing C/H ratios emitting progressively less CO2 per joule. However, the increasing use of clean low-carbon fuels is not sustainable without somehow disposing of excess carbon because it opposes the trend in the abundance of fossil fuels, with coal resources being the most abundant followed by oil and gas. (more…)
The global cycling of carbon involves both biological and physical processes. Only the biological components are discussed here. Pl ...
The flux of carbon among terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric pools is at least partially controlled by photosynthetic process ...
It is of interest to examine potential sources of greenhouse gases sources or atmospheric CO2 by analysis of the global distrib ...
Climate change caused by the enhanced greenhouse effect is one of the most significant global environmental issues. Increased emiss ...
The global carbon cycle involves both biological and physical processes. Only the biological components are discussed here. Pla ...
The total installed geothermal power generating capacity in the world is approximately 9000 MWe from 21 countries, with the United States leading at nearly 3000 MWe and The Philippines with nearly 2000 MWe (Table II). Other major countries are Italy, Mexico, Indonesia, Japan, and New Zealand, with between 400 and 800 MWe each. (more…)
In most countries, geothermal resources are classified as natural resources belonging to the government. Since the 1980s, there has ...
Geothermal wells need to undergo a test program before they are used. This is so that the baseline conditions of both the wells and ...
Several passive heating systems, if provided with proper ventilation, can ensure to provide cooling. Passive heating and cooling fo ...
Steam is a great heat transfer medium simply because it's easy to move inside your system. Steam heating is known to have a ver ...
Steam heating is an absolutely wonderful method to heat your home. Steam heat is always driven by steam produced from water in ...
The solar technology is not only in the flat solar collector or photovoltaic panel. I follow the process ID and proof of this is the prototype plant to produce solar electricity. (more…)
In today's day and age there are millions of people who generate their own green energy at home by learning how to build windmills ...
Many people are concerned about their rising energy bills and want to do something about reducing the cost of energy at home. There ...
So you're finally tired of those exorbitant electricity bills, or, you're catching onto a "greener" way of life. Either way, solar ...
Solar distillation is the process in which solar heat is used to purify water from an impure water source by evaporation and conden ...
So-called thin-film photovoltaic devices are usually based on mixtures of elements other than silicon — most notably copper ind ...
Do we have the resources? Rudolf Diesel developed the diesel engine which ran on biodiesel vegetable oil in the late 1800s. At the time, he speculated that his discovery seemed insignificant, but later could prove to be as important as mankind’s uncovering of future energy uses for petroleum and coal tar. Given the U.S.’ rapid expansion into biofuels, it would appear his vision was correct due to the drawbacks of biofuels. But widespread adoption of biomass-based fuels is not a foregone conclusion. Two questions haunt its progress. First, will it truly reduce U.S. reliance on fossil fuels? And second, is there enough farmland to accommodate widespread production, without jeopardizing food supplies? (more…)
Biofuels are made from living matter, plant or animal, and are strongly favored by agricultural interests because of the large ...
We had expressed our disagreement with Biofuels and tell them also that the European Union also wants to distance themselves from t ...
At present, in the United States and worldwide, motor vehicles are fueled almost exclusively by petroleum based gasoline (or re ...
One of the main benefits from future use of biofuels would be the reduction of greenhouse gases compared to the use of fossil f ...
Transportation is another sector that has increased its relative share of primary energy use. This sector has serious concerns ...
The primary electric drivetrain components for fuel cell vehicles are the same as those for any electric vehicle: traction motors, power electronics, and batteries. Electric drive components require their own sets of auxiliaries and management systems, for control and cooling of the equipment. A fuel cell vehicle may have a hybrid powertrain, in which the fuel cell is sized at less than the vehicle’s peak power requirement and additional power is supplied from an electricity storage device, such as a high-power battery or ultracapacitor. Although a hybrid power train is more complex than one using a fuel cell alone, it offers advantages of regenerative braking, (more…)
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that directly converts a fuel to electricity by means of reactions on the surfaces of ...
The commercialization prospects for fuel cell vehicles depend not only on their performance and cost, but also on how well th ...
Transport applications tend to demand rapid start-up and instant dynamic response from fuel cell systems, so a high-temperature ...
Alkaline fuel cell, often known as the Bacon fuel cell following the British inventor’ name. It has become the most created fue ...
There are different types of vehicle propulsion systems and the transportation fuels that have been studied for their potential ...
Here, the sensitivity of energy demand to climate is measured two ways. The first method uses elasticities that provide simple summary measures of how departures from normal temperatures affect energy consumption. The second approach, reported in the following section, uses econometric simulation to estimate how climate changes affect energy demand. (more…)
To determine the effects of past climate trends on global energy consumption, the econometric equations providing the degree day el ...
Establishing the impact of climate change on energy demand requires a measure of heating and cooling requirements. In the United St ...
Energy is consumed by various segments of the economy, including households, commercial establishments, manufacturing enterpris ...
Climatologists generally agree that there is accumulating evidence that a warming trend has been occurring since the mid-1960s. The ...
Although the focus of many policy studies of climate change is on establishing the causal links between anthropogenic systems, emis ...
This liberalization is aimed at introducing supply competition in the electricity and gas price markets. Competition is supposed to benefit consumers through lower prices and by broadening the choice of available services (more…)
Natural gas is the fastest growing energy source worldwide, and its share of total energy consumption, according to the EIA, is ...
The evolution of oil prices is typically subject to a very high degree of uncertainty, given the extremely volatile nature of c ...
It is important to remember that labeling and MEPS programs aim to influence the selection of products by consumers at the poin ...
Natural gas and oil are common source energy used to give electricity. How efficient is coal if we compare to these other source of ...
The operation of electric power systems in the 1970s was a vertically integrated activity with a strongly monopolistic character an ...
To determine the effects of past climate trends on global energy consumption, the econometric equations providing the degree day elasticities reported previously are combined into an econometric simulation model. The endogenous variables determined by the model include energy demand in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors of the U.S. economy and the derived demand for primary fuels used in electric power generation. (more…)
Here, the sensitivity of energy demand to climate is measured two ways. The first method uses elasticities that provide simple summ ...
Establishing the impact of climate change on energy demand requires a measure of heating and cooling requirements. In the United St ...
Energy is consumed by various segments of the economy, including households, commercial establishments, manufacturing enterpris ...
Climatologists generally agree that there is accumulating evidence that a warming trend has been occurring since the mid-1960s. The ...
Although the focus of many policy studies of climate change is on establishing the causal links between anthropogenic systems, emis ...