The word “laser” is an acronym for “light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation.” Lasers of all kinds consist of several basic components: an active medium, an outside energy source, and an optical cavity with carefully designed mirrors on both ends. One of the mirrors is 100 percent reflective while the other is somewhat less reflective, so a beam can be emitted. The active medium is inside the optical cavity and is excited with an external energy source (typically electricity). For the cavity to emit laser radiation, the active medium has to achieve an unusual energy state called “population inversion.” (more…)
The first known laser was made by Theodore Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories in Malibu, California, in 1960, but the seeds ...
Different lasers use different materials as the active medium. The medium can be either solid, liquid, or gas, and there are ad ...
There are literally thousands of uses for lasers. One of the largest applications is telecommunications—sending a signal throug ...
It is known that laser printers print faster, but swallow a large amount of energy, even if the printer is in the energy saving ...
Fabrication techniques developed for integrated circuit (IC) production have been refined to the extent of supporting a multi-b ...
Solar dryers are special structures that enhance the drying power of the sun and protect the agricultural product from dust, dirt, and insects. Table below shows a block diagram of an active solar drying system, consisting of solar air collectors, a drying unit or chamber, and an air handling unit. An active solar drying system can accommodate the use of a backup heat source when there in not enough solar heat available. (more…)
Drying is one of the most important post harvest steps. It enhances the storage life of the crop products, minimizes losses during ...
Solar distillation is the process in which solar heat is used to purify water from an impure water source by evaporation and conden ...
Since the 1980s, no large-capacity solar distillation plants have been built, mainly for the following reasons: Large installation ...
Active solar hot water systems water are usable with air, liquid, vapor or liquid collector fluid or gas to liquid process. Hot ...
The U.S. Department of Energy has determined that about 80% of residential energy use is consumed in single-family homes, while 15% ...
The total installed geothermal power generating capacity in the world is approximately 9000 MWe from 21 countries, with the United States leading at nearly 3000 MWe and The Philippines with nearly 2000 MWe (Table II). Other major countries are Italy, Mexico, Indonesia, Japan, and New Zealand, with between 400 and 800 MWe each. (more…)
In most countries, geothermal resources are classified as natural resources belonging to the government. Since the 1980s, there has ...
Geothermal wells need to undergo a test program before they are used. This is so that the baseline conditions of both the wells and ...
Several passive heating systems, if provided with proper ventilation, can ensure to provide cooling. Passive heating and cooling fo ...
Steam is a great heat transfer medium simply because it's easy to move inside your system. Steam heating is known to have a ver ...
Steam heating is an absolutely wonderful method to heat your home. Steam heat is always driven by steam produced from water in ...
Microvalves have been developed for a variety of applications suitable for Microtechnology-Based Energy and Chemical Systems. Valve classification can be divided into passive and active categories. The passive type is the most fundamental and is configured as a basic check valve where a thin flapper plate covers an orifice. Microvalves of this type have been fabricated using a variety of techniques, including lithography and etching, laser micromachining, and electro-discharge machining. Materials have included metal on metal, metal on polymers, and silicon with photoresists such as PMMA and polyimides. (more…)
The pressure relief valves protect against the devastating effects of the overpressure. Unfortunately there are so careful with ...
Many small-scale energy systems require effective miniaturized pumps and expanders. These devices are responsible for conveying ...
Many characteristics of traditional engines make them attractive for use in power generation and propulsion technology. They tend t ...
Micro technology can be employed to produce miniaturized refrigeration and cryocooling systems. Although process intensificat ...
Fabrication techniques developed for integrated circuit (IC) production have been refined to the extent of supporting a multi-b ...
The U.S. Department of Energy has determined that about 80% of residential energy use is consumed in single-family homes, while 15% is consumed in multifamily dwellings such as apartments, and 5% is consumed in mobile homes.
More than half of the energy used for heating in building and home for single-family homes is natural gas, about one-fourth is electricity, (more…)
Here, the sensitivity of energy demand to climate is measured two ways. The first method uses elasticities that provide simple summ ...
Based on estimates of the U.S. Department of Energy, the energy used in homes accounts for 20% of all the energy consumption in the ...
Heating and Cooling systems can be a major contributor to a homes energy costs and associated greenhouse gas emissions. For som ...
Several passive heating systems, if provided with proper ventilation, can ensure to provide cooling. Passive heating and cooling fo ...
The energy that people use every day comes from many different sources. The resources are divided into two main groups: renewa ...
Climatologists generally agree that there is accumulating evidence that a warming trend has been occurring since the mid-1960s. There are rather distinct seasonal and regional climate variations in the lower 48 states of the United States. Livezey and Smith determined that the average national warming trend has been 0.0151F per year. Since 1964, this implies that average annual temperature has increased by approximately one-half of one degree. (more…)
Here, the sensitivity of energy demand to climate is measured two ways. The first method uses elasticities that provide simple summ ...
To determine the effects of past climate trends on global energy consumption, the econometric equations providing the degree day el ...
Establishing the impact of climate change on energy demand requires a measure of heating and cooling requirements. In the United St ...
Energy is consumed by various segments of the economy, including households, commercial establishments, manufacturing enterpris ...
Scientists study Earth’s climate not just from observation but also from a theoretical perspective. Modern-day climate models succe ...
Several passive heating systems, if provided with proper ventilation, can ensure to provide cooling. Passive heating and cooling for houses can be done in several ways, one of which is called geothermal energy. Passing the water through pipelines via ground can achieve and distribute the heating and cooling all over the house. (more…)
Solar water heating for swimming pool rank as the most successful but least heralded commercial solar application. The use of solar ...
Active solar hot water systems water are usable with air, liquid, vapor or liquid collector fluid or gas to liquid process. Hot ...
A home solar energy system can save you a lot of money on your household electric, gas and other bills. The sunshine is not onl ...
Heat-actuated heat pumps are cooling systems requiring no electricity for operation. Rather, a heat source is used, avoiding the ne ...
The Geologists Association president advocates the use of geothermal energy by its high durability and low maintenance. Besides a r ...
A home solar energy system can save you a lot of money on your household electric, gas and other bills. The sunshine is not only good for giving you a glowing tan in the summer, you can also enjoy the benefits of solar power in your home.
The resources we have been using for so many years are now running low by resources I am talking about fossil fuels. (more…)
Nowadays, solar power have become more affordable. That makes it a viable alternative energy option for homeowners who would li ...
So you're finally tired of those exorbitant electricity bills, or, you're catching onto a "greener" way of life. Either way, solar ...
Solar energy is one the most popular renewable energy sources these days. Solar panel systems don't even require much maintenan ...
Energy scarcity is making people adopt the concept of solar power homes all over the globe. When the oil prices skyrocketed during ...
In today's tough economic times and with the increasing prices of gas and oil, finding alternative sources of energy should be ...
Some people may doubt about the ability of these alternative power sources - to much like science fiction they may say. But then you can remind them that using the sun for heating to the point of combustion has been around since the time of the Greeks. The Egyptians used the sun to reflect on highly polished brass mirrors in order to light the interior of the pyramids for the workers to be able to see. (more…)
So you're finally tired of those exorbitant electricity bills, or, you're catching onto a "greener" way of life. Either way, solar ...
As the cost of electricity rises and rises many of you will be wondering about solar panels installation. So was I. So I looked int ...
Solar energy is one the most popular renewable energy sources these days. Solar panel systems don't even require much maintenan ...
All homes should be built with solar in mind. It could add to the beauty of a home, such as the early morning sun at a breakfast no ...
Nowadays, solar power have become more affordable. That makes it a viable alternative energy option for homeowners who would li ...
These days we have two main concerns in the world of business and finance. First the greenhouse global warming and second the financial crisis around the globe. We have the opportunity to improve these concerns by “Going Green”. One part of “Going Green” is choosing to upgrade your lighting system to an Energy Efficiency Saving Lighting. The benefits using thousands of qualified lighting products around the house, commercial business and industrial areas: (more…)
Want state of the art LED lighting for your home? If so then this article will help to teach you about the many benefits to be gain ...
Take a look at the following energy saving ideas and new green products and see how many you can use to save your hard earned c ...
Based on estimates of the U.S. Department of Energy, the energy used in homes accounts for 20% of all the energy consumption in the ...
Nowadays, a lot more people are increasingly aware of the amount of energy they consumed everyday and what effect it was having ...
A home solar energy system can save you a lot of money on your household electric, gas and other bills. The sunshine is not onl ...