The combination of well-to-pump results and the energy use and emissions associated with vehicle operation (also called the pump-to-wheels stage) results in full well-to-wheels energy and emission results for vehicle/fuel systems. The energy efficiencies of 19 fuel pathways were presented in the preceding section. The well-to-wheels energy use and emissions results for 23 representative vehicle fuel systems, combined with some of the vehicle technology options are now considered. (more…)
It shows Well-to-Wheels Greenhouse Gas emissions of the 23 vehicle/fuel systems. For each system, the bottom bar represents CO2 ...
The energy efficiencies of various fuel production pathways from well to pump. The efficiencies shown are defined as the energy ...
There are different types of vehicle propulsion systems and the transportation fuels that have been studied for their potential ...
Because different studies have different system boundaries and parametric assumptions, the studies described in Section 7 resulted ...
The spark-ignition and compression-ignition engine and internal combustion engines technologies that are currently employed in ...
It shows Well-to-Wheels Greenhouse Gas emissions of the 23 vehicle/fuel systems. For each system, the bottom bar represents CO2 -equivalent emissions of CO2 , CH4 , and N2O, combined with their greenhouse global warming potentials (GWPs). The top bar represents CO2 emissions only. For the two ethanol pathways (corn and cellulosic ethanol), there are some negative emissions. They represent carbon uptake during biomass growth. The carbon is eventually emitted to the air during ethanol combustion air. (more…)
The combination of well-to-pump results and the energy use and emissions associated with vehicle operation (also called the pum ...
There are different types of vehicle propulsion systems and the transportation fuels that have been studied for their potential ...
The spark-ignition and compression-ignition engine and internal combustion engines technologies that are currently employed in ...
The fuel cycle for a given transportation fuel includes the following processes: energy feedstock (or primary energy) product ...
The energy efficiencies of various fuel production pathways from well to pump. The efficiencies shown are defined as the energy ...
