Electromagnetic Suspension (EMS) system in which an array of magnets is attracted upwards to a steel rail. It is possible to design the magnets so that there is an upward force produced by magnetic attraction that cancels the downward gravitational force: the magnets are suspended in space! If steel beams were mounted on either side of a “guideway,” then a vehicle with magnets on both sides could move along the guideway and be supported and guided by the steel rails. (more…)

The term hybrid energy system refers to those applications in which multiple energy unit conversion devices are used together to supply an energy requirement. These systems are often used in isolated applications and normally include at least one renewable energy source in the configuration. Hybrid energy systems are used an alternative to more conventional systems, which typically are based on a single fossil fuel source. Hybrid energy systems may also be used as part of distributed generation application in conventional electricity grid. (more…)

The idea of using an absorption fluid as a refrigerant carrier derived from the drawback of VCR (vapor–compression refrigeration) systems that the gas compression requires a high work input. A pump that requires practically no work to increase the pressure in the refrigeration system replaces the complicated and work-consuming compressor. There are two major advantages of absorption refrigeration systems (ARSs) compared with VCRs (vapor–compression refrigeration): No CFCs or HCFCs are used as refrigerants, and they use heat from different sources, such as combustion, industrial processes, waste heat (an economical solution for recovery), or solar heat. (more…)

A propulsion alternative is to transfer power to the vehicle and then have a magnetic structure on the vehicle that can create a moving field that, in turn, interacts with a conducting guide way to provide propulsion. This is called a short stator linear induction motor (or linear asynchronous motor), generally referred to as a Linear Induction Motor. It is possible to put the powered winding on the guide way and induce currents in a conductor on the vehicle, in which case it would be a long stator design, but this turns out to be an expensive and inefficient approach to maglev propulsion. (more…)

The demand for electric energy by a community varies with the time of day and with the time of year. An electric power utility must be prepared to meet these demands. This poses an engineering problem because there is no practical method of storing electric energy on a scale that will meet the demands of a large community. To meet short-term increases in demand, electric utilities employ power generators that can be turned on and off on short notice. For example, they may use a gas turbine similar to a jet plane engine to drive a generator. Another scheme is to use a pumped storage hydroelectric system. Such a system does not rely on nature to replenish the water in a reservoir but rather uses electrically run pumps. Importantly, the system can generate electricity on short notice.

Water is forced to an elevated reservoir by a motor-driven turbine. The water in the reservoir has gravitational potential energy by virtue of the work done on it. When electricity is needed, the water is allowed to flow downward into the turbine that drives the magnetic generator motor, which now functions as an electric generator. The energy required to elevate the water is never completely recovered in the process. Nevertheless, the system is economical because the reservoir can be filled when electric energy demands and costs are low. It is also possible to have a system in which water flows from ground level to underground turboelectric perpetual generators. In this case, work has to be done to restore the water to ground level.

Taking into account losses due to evaporation of surface water exposure and energy unit conversion losses, it is estimates that approximately 70% to 85% of the electricity used to pump water into the elevated reservoir can be recovered. The technique is currently the most effective way to store large quantities of electrical energy in the form of energy operation, but the cost of capital and the presence of appropriate geography critical factors for the decision.

With energy management, well to pump storage hydroelectric systems for controlling the frequency of food production and security of reserve magnetic power generator. Thermal plants are much less able to responds in the sudden changes in electricity demand, the frequency and voltage to cause instability. Pumping stations, like other water plants can respond to changes within seconds to load with pumped storage hydroelectric system.

Designers in China have launched the first wind turbine levitating in the world of permanent magnetic levitation (Maglev) in the Wind Power Asia Exhibition 2006.

Considered a key step in the evolution of global wind power technology and a notable advance in independent intellectual property rights in China. The generator was jointly developed by the Institute of Energy Research of Guangzhou in the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangzhou Hengyuan Energy Science & Zhongke Technology Co., Ltd. (more…)

Based on estimates of the U.S. Department of Energy, the energy used in homes accounts for 20% of all the energy consumption in the United States. The ability to control the indoor temperature is one of the most important achievements of modern technology. (more…)

Energy is consumed by various segments of the economy, including households, commercial establishments, manufacturing enterprises, and electric power generators. Only a portion of total energy demand is sensitive to temperature changes. (more…)

Power consumption from electricity is an essential element of the U.S. economy since the beginning of the century. Coal power plants, a power source of electricity are available to deliver large quantities of low cost and reliable power supply. It has become more important than the supply of petroleum and natural gas, as the latter supply is decreasing over the time. In 1995, the burning of coal produces about 55% of the electricity produced in the U.S. We also know that coal reserves are expected to last for centuries at current use. (more…)

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Although the automotive industry is a vigorous sponsor of research and development in vehicle efficiency technology—worldwide, nearly $20 billion U.S. worth in 1997—governments throughout the world sponsor additional automotive R&D, both separately from and in partnership with the industry. This work focuses primarily on four areas: emissions reduction, safety, fuels, and fuel economy. Within the past few years, government sponsorship of automotive R&D has moved sharply in the direction of attempting to advance the performance and cost-effectiveness of automotive fuel cells vehicles, which address three of the four areas: emissions, fuels, and fuel economy. (more…)