Global energy consumption in the last half century has increased very rapidly and is expected to continue to grow over the next 50 years. However, we expect to see significant differences between the last 50 years and the next. The past increase was stimulated by relatively “cheap” fossil fuels and increased rates of industrialization in North America, Europe, and Japan; yet while energy consumption in these countries continues to increase, additional factors are making the picture for the next 50 years more complex. These additional complicating factors include the very rapid increase fuel economy in energy use in China and India (countries representing about a third of the world’s population); the expected depletion of oil resources in the not-too-distant future; and the effect of human activities on global climate change. (more…)
The relationship of gross national product per capita to energy consumption per capita for most countries of the world correlat ...
The long-term prospects for the U.K. economy are inevitably uncertain, and the most recent Department of Energy long-term proje ...
Transportation is another sector that has increased its relative share of primary energy use. This sector has serious concerns ...
The development of the ‘‘new’’ wind and solar technologies is of great importance for the future contribution of RESs to energy sup ...
To determine the effects of past climate trends on global energy consumption, the econometric equations providing the degree day el ...
Electrodynamic Suspension (EDS) can be viewed as an array of magnets moving over a conducting sheet and being pushed upwards by forces due to induced currents. This electrodynamic suspension that was pioneered by Gordon Danby and James Powell in the 1960s, can not work at zero speed, but at higher speeds it can be inherently stable. The virtue of Electrodynamic Suspension designs is their ability to operate with larger air gaps than is feasible with Electromagnetic Suspension EMS designs. (more…)
Electromagnetic Suspension (EMS) system in which an array of magnets is attracted upwards to a steel rail. It is possible to de ...
A propulsion alternative is to transfer power to the vehicle and then have a magnetic structure on the vehicle that can create ...
In contrast to electromagnetic suspension systems, electrodynamic suspension systems can provide stable suspension without a feedba ...
All electromagnetic suspension-based systems employ some type of feedback control mechanism to maintain stable levitation. (An inte ...
High-speed maglev technology offers four main advantages: non-contact operation; low-mass vehicles (on a per seat basis, maglev veh ...
Although technology change (usually involving an improvement in energy efficiency) is not inherently a geographic process, it does not occur uniformly over geographic space. Consequently, mathematical modeling and behavioral and innovation diffusion studies by geographers have improved our understanding of the pervasive phenomenon of technology energy efficiency change in energy markets. Similarly, creative government policies in Germany since 1990 have led to a faster rate of adoption of renewable energy sources, compared to the United States. (more…)
The development of the ‘‘new’’ wind and solar technologies is of great importance for the future contribution of RESs to energy sup ...
Renewable energy sources cannot run out and causes so little damage to the environment that its use does not need to be restric ...
In Europe, modern renewable energy sources technologies were explored thoroughly for the first time after the oil embargo/ price cr ...
Government expenditures on energy R&D, energy conservation have risen steadily over the past decade, but only two countries, Japan ...
"Spain has great potential but lack geothermal legislation and investment." Besides being clean, renewable and friendly, easily man ...
In this new century, there is considerable pressure on the top six automakers to reduce their environmental and ecological footprint calculation. The automaker that wins the race to build and sell the superior car will shape consumer preferences, thereby boosting sales and profits. The winning firm will fashion a corporate strategy that drives automobile emissions to near zero while simultaneously providing high levels of performance, safety, and comfort. (more…)
Corporate environmental strategy (CES) involves the tools, management programs, processes, and product development choices that all ...
In the pursuit of superior cars, electronic products, and computing, several leading multinational corporations began in the last q ...
Although it is significant that many of the above four imperatives are qualitative, not quantitative, such new efforts have begun t ...
This latter form of new car taxes can actually serve as an impediment to higher fuel economy to the extent that increased energ ...
There are several options that, ultimately, must be integrated when attempting to realize a change in corporate culture: the legal ...
Economists have overwhelmingly favored fuel taxes over fuel economy standards as a means to reduce fuel or gasoline consumption because taxes give maximum flexibility to both vehicle manufacturers and purchasers and because they influence fuel consumption through both fuel demand and vehicle supply by making travel more expensive (thereby reducing vehicle miles traveled) and by creating an economic incentive for manufacturers to build efficient vehicles and for consumers to purchase them. (more…)
Analysis of future light-duty transportation energy use require estimates of the impact of fuel prices on travel and fleet fuel ...
We know of no studies that have examined vehicle taxation incentives programs elsewhere in the world, but it seems likely that ...
A number of countries have vehicle tax incentives programs designed to reward purchasers and owners of alternative fuel-efficient v ...
This latter form of new car taxes can actually serve as an impediment to higher fuel economy to the extent that increased energ ...
Federal Excise Taxes placed on specific energy sources tend to reduce energy demand for these energy sources in both the short ...
Tanker transportation and oil transport functions as an important link to facilitate the flow of oil and products from their limited sources of origin derived to its destination all over the world. This particular section of ocean shipping industry is the main component of the movement of seaborne cargo. Even though oil is transported through pipelines and tankers and tank wagons, these movements are relatively small and often restricted to national or in a few cases trough the intra-regional trades. The increment in oil demand came not only from the United States & Western Europe, however there is a rapid oil demand recovery in Japan, a country with no domestic oil reserves. (more…)
Oil tankers can be classified into two broad categories: crude oil tankers and product tankers. Crude oil tankers are typically ...
The operations on-board an oil tanker transportation are radically different from those on other types of ships, primarily due ...
Most major oil and gas firms engage in both upstream (i.e., hydrocarbon exploration and production) and downstream (i.e., hydro ...
Gasoline is used mainly by cars, motorcycles, and light trucks; diesel is used mainly by heavier trucks, buses, and trains. Togethe ...
For years it was out of desperation that observers have advised and viewed of American energy policy and geopolitical risks regardi ...
Any conversation about the search for alternatives energy in future to fossil fuels research, improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions over time has the potential of fuel cells to meet these challenges. As a result of greater attention to the fuel cell industry in general there is an upward trend on several fronts, as shown in several recent reports. Lux Research Advisory firm predicts worldwide sales of commercial fuel cell will be reaching $2 billion after year 2012. It is mainly driven by applications in residential combined with commercial heating and power systems and distributed generation applications. (more…)
Alkaline fuel cell, often known as the Bacon fuel cell following the British inventor’ name. It has become the most created fue ...
Transport applications tend to demand rapid start-up and instant dynamic response from fuel cell systems, so a high-temperature ...
The primary electric drivetrain components for fuel cell vehicles are the same as those for any electric vehicle: traction motors, ...
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen with oxygen to generate electricity, heat and water to produce. ...
Fuel cells are typically classified according to type of electrolyte. While many varieties of fuel cells have been demonstrated ...
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The operations on-board an oil tanker transportation are radically different from those on other types of ships, primarily due to the physical properties of the cargo. The entire cargo operations are highly automated and proceed with no one on-board the ship or shore seeing the cargo physically. Even minor misunderstanding of an order or a miscalculation can cause a major spill in pristine locations. By the same token, a tanker crewed by properly trained seafarers under good management could very well be the safest ship afloat. Although most tanker voyages today are completed safely and go unreported, even a minor tanker pollution accident often gets widespread attention from the media, and the image of a polluted beach laden with dead flora and fauna is a sad and telling picture. (more…)
Tanker transportation and oil transport functions as an important link to facilitate the flow of oil and products from their li ...
Oil tankers can be classified into two broad categories: crude oil tankers and product tankers. Crude oil tankers are typically ...
Most major oil and gas firms engage in both upstream (i.e., hydrocarbon exploration and production) and downstream (i.e., hydro ...
Gasoline is used mainly by cars, motorcycles, and light trucks; diesel is used mainly by heavier trucks, buses, and trains. Togethe ...
The EU has a set of common rules on industries environmental permissions for industrial installations, which extend also to cover f ...
In contrast to electromagnetic suspension systems, electrodynamic suspension systems can provide stable suspension without a feedback system. Imagine a magnet held above a moving flat sheet of aluminum or copper. Following Ampere’s law of induction, an electric field is induced in the moving metal surface that causes eddy currents to flow in closed loops near its surface. The eddy currents in turn set up their own magnetic field, whose polarity, in accordance with Lenz’s law, opposes that of the magnet’s field. Consequently, the magnet is repelled from the moving metal surface, countering the force of gravity. If the magnet is pushed down toward the moving metal surface, the induced currents and the resultant repulsive force increase, restoring the equilibrium position automatically. Conversely, if the magnet is moved upward, the levitating force decreases. (more…)
All electromagnetic suspension-based systems employ some type of feedback control mechanism to maintain stable levitation. (An inte ...
Electromagnetic Suspension (EMS) system in which an array of magnets is attracted upwards to a steel rail. It is possible to de ...
Electrodynamic Suspension (EDS) can be viewed as an array of magnets moving over a conducting sheet and being pushed upwards by ...
A propulsion alternative is to transfer power to the vehicle and then have a magnetic structure on the vehicle that can create ...
The next time you hear an airplane flying overhead, look up, and pause for a moment. What you see is a machine that is heavier than ...
This latter form of new car taxes can actually serve as an impediment to higher fuel economy to the extent that increased energy efficiency is attained with high-cost technology, such as continuously variable automatic transmissions, hybrid electric vehicles drive trains, and variable valve controls, and such taxes add to the cost of these technologies. (more…)
We know of no studies that have examined vehicle taxation incentives programs elsewhere in the world, but it seems likely that ...
A number of countries have vehicle tax incentives programs designed to reward purchasers and owners of alternative fuel-efficient v ...
Economists have overwhelmingly favored fuel taxes over fuel economy standards as a means to reduce fuel or gasoline consumption ...
Whatever the actual motivation, American policymakers perceived a need after 1973 to restrict automobile and light truck cons ...
Under both former President Bush and new President Obama, the U.S. government has vowed to reduce reliance on imported oil. The ...