In Europe, modern renewable energy sources technologies were explored thoroughly for the first time after the oil embargo/ price crisis of 1973. Notably, market introduction of renewable energy technology started in about 1985, but the renewable energy sources industry has become vital only during the past decade. Accordingly, relevant statistical renewable energy sources data have been systematically compiled only over the past decade, although reliable and consistent statistical renewable energy sources data, collected since 1989, exist for all 15 countries of the European Union and for Western Europe (defined here as the EU-15 plus Switzerland, Norway, and Iceland). (more…)
There are various and somewhat complementary reasons to foster the growth of renewable energy sources in Europe. A major incent ...
The development of the ‘‘new’’ wind and solar technologies is of great importance for the future contribution of RESs to energy sup ...
Although technology change (usually involving an improvement in energy efficiency) is not inherently a geographic process, it does ...
The energy that people use every day comes from many different sources. The resources are divided into two main groups: renewa ...
Renewable energy sources cannot run out and causes so little damage to the environment that its use does not need to be restric ...
The development of the ‘‘new’’ wind and solar technologies is of great importance for the future contribution of RESs to energy supply. Although the present wind and solar technology contribution of 0.4% to total primary energy consumption per capita is still very small, the growth of these industries has been considerable in the past 6 to 8 years. Today they provide 10 times the energy of 10 years ago. Wind energy shows the most remarkable growth dynamics; its contribution is now reaching energetically relevant dimensions. (more…)
Although technology change (usually involving an improvement in energy efficiency) is not inherently a geographic process, it does ...
In Europe, modern renewable energy sources technologies were explored thoroughly for the first time after the oil embargo/ price cr ...
In 2001, there were 14,000 small wind turbines for home/domestic use in the United States. The market potential for national an ...
In 2006, total world wind generating electricity capacity was around 72,000 MW, producing some 160 terawatt-hours (TWh) per yea ...
Global energy consumption in the last half century has increased very rapidly and is expected to continue to grow over the next ...
We have seen that energy is basic for life and activities in nature and society. Energy is a measure of value in physical terms. However, the more complex a system or a process becomes, the less can be said by physics. Even the term ‘‘complexity’’ is problematic. There are several definitions of complexity as a quantitative concept in information theory. (more…)
Statistics on national production levels and indicators of environmental pressure have been collected during the past few decad ...
Cost–benefit analysis (CBA), also known as benefit–cost analysis, is rooted in applied welfare economics. It is a way of organizing ...
Although some scientists and critics still dispute that human caused greenhouse gases are causing climate change, the majority of s ...
Energy efficiency is defined here to mean energy services provided per unit of energy input (for example, gallons of water hea ...
The first step in categorizing potential benefits and costs is determining the relevant scope of the analysis. We have concluded th ...
With popularity of clean energy, the reduction of carbon and the movement toward earth friendliness, it seems that investment in alternative energy fund would be virtually no risk. But like any new industry, there is no guarantee that all sectors of the market will be successful. Since the technology bubble, which began in the early and mid 90s the market for alternative energy will soon separate winners from losers. If you are lucky or wise enough to choose an achiever, you soon will be getting great gain in your investment. On the other hand, losses are for those who have taken up the approximation that was not well received by the substantial market. (more…)
The increase in the prices of major fuels, like gasoline and diesel fuel products is a major global problems recently. Those pr ...
In this article, the terms clean energy is being used to take on a broad definition of the issue of new energy. Other possibili ...
Because transportation is such a large contributor to global warming, both globally and in the United States, climate and energy ex ...
Various provisions in the federal income tax treat energy producers more or less favorably than other businesses. By changing t ...
There are many possible reasons for suspecting market failure in a product like gasoline. Throughout the world, the exploration ...
The primary purpose of all forms of taxation, whether on energy or on non-energy items, is to raise money for the government to finance its expenditures. Taxes finance the majority of government expenditure (the rest being financed by borrowing, which will have to be repaid from future taxation) so that the general level of taxation is determined by the requirements for government spending. However, the same total revenue can be raised by many different combinations of taxes, so that the tax rates on individual items and groups of items can be adjusted to reflect other criteria. (more…)
Taxation of energy in the United States, the federal government does not impose an energy tax or a general sales tax that is br ...
Economists have overwhelmingly favored fuel taxes over fuel economy standards as a means to reduce fuel or gasoline consumption ...
A number of countries have vehicle tax incentives programs designed to reward purchasers and owners of alternative fuel-efficient v ...
Federal Excise Taxes placed on specific energy sources tend to reduce energy demand for these energy sources in both the short ...
We know of no studies that have examined vehicle taxation incentives programs elsewhere in the world, but it seems likely that ...
The issues of hydrogen storage run through the hydrogen production, hydrogen transport, supply and demand for end use of hydrogen as an energy sources. (more…)
With ethanol’s future uncertain, many commentators see the transportation debate evolving into a war between two other technologies ...
Hydrogen has many applications when it comes to fuel. It can be used both in internal combustion engines and hydrogen fuel cells. ...
Scientists at the Carnegie Institution have found that using a high pressure can create a very unique material for storing hydr ...
Most production systems try to become first full-scale production begins as small toys and devices of concept. The Horizon hydr ...
Researchers at the Institute of Chemical Technology have developed a new catalyst that allows to obtain, from bioethanol, hydrogen ...
The most widespread and practical process for capture solar radiation as organic fuels is the growth of virgin biomass. Extremely large quantities of carbon are fixed each year in the form of terrestrial and aquatic biomass. (more…)
Another large source of renewable carbon supplies is waste biomass. It consists of a wide range of materials and includes munic ...
Another large source of renewable carbon supplies is waste biomass. It consists of a wide range of materials and includes munic ...
The future development of energy crops, to the level at which they would replace residues as the major bioenergy fuel source, will ...
The hydrogen can come from various sources including fossil fuels, wind, solar, biomass, nuclear, solar thermo-chemical reactio ...
The accumulation of carbon within a forest growth cycle can be considered in four stages. The initial establishment stage involves ...
The convention aims not only at stabilizing CO2 emissions in developed countries but also at ultimately reducing man-made CO2 emissions globally so as to stabilize the global climate. Environmental degradation cannot be singled out as an independent matter among various global issues. (more…)
Biomass has been a main energy sources in the world since the beginning of civilization. It has been important in development p ...
Over the last decade, the number of countries researching the potential of biomass and bioenergy for energy services rose rapid ...
Renewable energy sources cannot run out and causes so little damage to the environment that its use does not need to be restric ...
Estimation of the future technical potential of biomass as an energy source is dependent on assumptions with respect to land av ...
Climate change caused by the enhanced greenhouse effect is one of the most significant global environmental issues. Increased emiss ...
The hydrogen can come from various sources including fossil fuels, wind, solar, biomass, nuclear, solar thermo-chemical reactions, and solar photolysis. (more…)
Researchers at the Institute of Chemical Technology have developed a new catalyst that allows to obtain, from bioethanol, hydrogen ...
Hydrogen has many applications when it comes to fuel. It can be used both in internal combustion engines and hydrogen fuel cells. ...
The issues of hydrogen storage run through the hydrogen production, hydrogen transport, supply and demand for end use of hydrog ...
Most production systems try to become first full-scale production begins as small toys and devices of concept. The Horizon hydr ...
With ethanol’s future uncertain, many commentators see the transportation debate evolving into a war between two other technologies ...
Our homes collect large amounts of solar energy, our homes when built are often placed on our sections to get the best solar energy from the sun, even years ago before we thought of using solar energy to heat or dry out your home the builders did this. We have known for years that the sun can be used to make our home feel warmer and better to live in. In fact in winter we look to find the warmest part of the home to sit to study or watch TV. If your home was placed well on your section this room is likely to be your lounge or conservatory. What about your bedrooms or study how do they get warmth and fresh air? (more…)
Don't sweat it out when you don't have to. Got your A/C running and still feel warm? Here are some tips that will help keep you ...
So you're finally tired of those exorbitant electricity bills, or, you're catching onto a "greener" way of life. Either way, solar ...
A home solar energy system can save you a lot of money on your household electric, gas and other bills. The sunshine is not onl ...
All homes should be built with solar in mind. It could add to the beauty of a home, such as the early morning sun at a breakfast no ...
Did you know that the average American household uses around 10,000 kWh of electricity per year? This amount would be lessened ...