Solar dryers are special structures that enhance the drying power of the sun and protect the agricultural product from dust, dirt, and insects. Table below shows a block diagram of an active solar drying system, consisting of solar air collectors, a drying unit or chamber, and an air handling unit. An active solar drying system can accommodate the use of a backup heat source when there in not enough solar heat available. (more…)
Drying is one of the most important post harvest steps. It enhances the storage life of the crop products, minimizes losses during ...
Solar distillation is the process in which solar heat is used to purify water from an impure water source by evaporation and conden ...
Since the 1980s, no large-capacity solar distillation plants have been built, mainly for the following reasons: Large installation ...
Active solar hot water systems water are usable with air, liquid, vapor or liquid collector fluid or gas to liquid process. Hot ...
The U.S. Department of Energy has determined that about 80% of residential energy use is consumed in single-family homes, while 15% ...
Solar water heating for swimming pool rank as the most successful but least heralded commercial solar application. The use of solar energy for pool heating and the equipment and needs of pool owners make a perfect match. The storage unit for the solar heated water already exists—the swimming pool. The pump needed to push water through the solar collectors must be purchased irrespective of the technology used to heat the water. The pool owner merely has to purchase the solar collectors. Since those using the pool generally want the temperature of the pool to be no higher than 801F (271C), the solar collectors do not require a costly glass cover or expensive metal sheeting and piping. (more…)
From the turn of the century to 1911, more than a dozen inventors filed patents that improved on the Climax. However, none chan ...
Active solar hot water systems water are usable with air, liquid, vapor or liquid collector fluid or gas to liquid process. Hot ...
Several passive heating systems, if provided with proper ventilation, can ensure to provide cooling. Passive heating and cooling fo ...
Solar dryers are special structures that enhance the drying power of the sun and protect the agricultural product from dust, dirt, ...
Nowadays, solar power have become more affordable. That makes it a viable alternative energy option for homeowners who would li ...
Geothermal wells need to undergo a test program before they are used. This is so that the baseline conditions of both the wells and the geothermal aquifers that they tap can be determined. This baseline data are critical because all future information is compared against them.
After drilling has been completed and before the initial discharge, the well downhole conditions are measured. The temperature and pressure are measured by using a clockwork Kuster gauge or electronic logging tools. Standard practice is to initially do an injection (or completion) test, that is, sometime at a series of flows, where the temperature, pressure, and possibly flows using a spinner tool are measured at intervals down the open hole section of the well. (more…)
Geothermal drilling technology is adapted from the oil industry. Most of the geothermal wells are drilled with a rotary-type drilli ...
The total installed geothermal power generating capacity in the world is approximately 9000 MWe from 21 countries, with the United ...
According to the German standard VDI 4640 geothermal energy is stored energy as heat beneath the Earth's solid surface, encompa ...
Geothermal energy is energy created by the heat of the Earth. Under the Earth’s crust lies a layer of thick, hot rock with occa ...
Visual inspection is usually good enough for under roof insulation that is accessible, as in boiler rooms, pipe chases, and ste ...
The product gas can be burned in boilers to generate heat and raise steam, in internal combustion engines to generate electricity and heat at small to medium scale (from a few kilowatts to a few megawatts), and in gas turbines to generate electricity (Brayton cycle) and heat at small to large scale. In large-scale systems using gas turbines, the exhaust gas from the gas turbine can be used to raise steam in a heat recovery steam generator to generate additional electricity using a steam turbine (Rankine cycle), resulting in combined cycle operation. (more…)
Gasification is a thermo chemical process that has been exploited for more than a century for converting solid feedstocks to ga ...
The moisture content of the feedstock affects the gas composition and the energy balance of the process since gasification is an en ...
Biomass Storage Biomass storage is required to ensure the continuous operation of the facility. To limit the space required for ...
Natural gas and oil are common source energy used to give electricity. How efficient is coal if we compare to these other source of ...
Many characteristics of traditional engines make them attractive for use in power generation and propulsion technology. They tend t ...
Microtechnology-Based Energy and Chemical Systems will most likely employ combustion for driving processes such as vapor generation and vapor barrier, endothermic chemical reactions, and (most notably) fuel reforming. Both fuel reformers and combustors will be of a miniature design relying on embedded catalysts for promoting chemical reactions at moderate temperatures (350–7501C). Many potential configurations exist depending on the application and constraints on the design. Microchannel arrays are a potential configuration; mesh and post architecture is another to achieve the desired surface area and small diffusional lengths necessary. (more…)
Fuel cells are direct energy conversion devices that combine two reactants to produce electrical power. The reactants are typic ...
Mixing is a process where two or more liquids or gas phase components are brought together and combined to form a uniform compositi ...
Heat-actuated heat pumps are cooling systems requiring no electricity for operation. Rather, a heat source is used, avoiding the ne ...
Many characteristics of traditional engines make them attractive for use in power generation and propulsion technology. They tend t ...
The most fundamental process from an energy systems standpoint is heat transfer to (or from) a working fluid. This unit operation t ...
Plate tectonics is conceptually simple. It treats Earth’s outer shell as made up of approximately 15 rigid plates, about 100 km thick, that move relative to each other at speeds of a few centimeters per year (roughly the speed at which fingernails grow). The plates are rigid in the sense that little deformation (and ideally no deformation) occurs within them, so they move as coherent entities and deformation occurs at their boundaries, causing earthquakes, mountain building, volcanism, and other spectacular phenomena. The direction of the relative motion between two plates at a point on their common boundary determines the nature of the boundary. (more…)
Oceanic heat flow data show a clear variation with the age of the lithosphere. Values greater than 100 mW m –2 occur near the r ...
Geothermal energy is energy created by the heat of the Earth. Under the Earth’s crust lies a layer of thick, hot rock with occa ...
One of the most important aerodynamic effects on energy consumption required to keep a body moving through a fluid is the aerodynam ...
Heat has a enormous influence in our daily lives. Heat quantity exposed in our live has related to the foods we eat, the temper ...
The most fundamental process from an energy systems standpoint is heat transfer to (or from) a working fluid. This unit operation t ...
Thermo chemical processing of biomass yields gaseous, liquid, and solid products and offers a means of producing useful gaseous and/or liquid fuels. Biomass gasification is a total degradation process consisting of a sequence of thermal and thermo chemical processes that converts practically all the carbon in the biomass to gaseous form, leaving an inert residue. The gas produced consists of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrogen (N2) (if air is used as the oxidizing agent) and contains impurities, such as small char particles, ash, tars, and oils. The solid residue will consist of ash (composed principally of the oxides of Ca, K, Na, Mg, and Si) and possibly carbon or char. (more…)
The moisture content of the feedstock affects the gas composition and the energy balance of the process since gasification is an en ...
Air-blown circulating fluidized bed gasifiers are of interest because they produce a good quality, low calorific value (LCV) gas (4 ...
Biomass Storage Biomass storage is required to ensure the continuous operation of the facility. To limit the space required for ...
Gasification is a thermo chemical process that has been exploited for more than a century for converting solid feedstocks to ga ...
A combination of legislation and technology has helped clean up many of the world’s coal-burning plants. Both developed and develop ...
Many characteristics of traditional engines make them attractive for use in power generation and propulsion technology. They tend to be self-aspirating and rely on combustion, which at the macroscale is a very robust form of heat generation. Fuel is plentiful and inexpensive, with storage easily realized. The energy density of the fuel (or fuel plus container), when compared with electrochemical sources, is high. Along with these advantages come a number of drawbacks, especially where miniaturization is concerned. For example, an engine is thermodynamically restricted (by the Carnot efficiency) in its conversion of chemical energy to work due to the intermediate heat-generating step. (more…)
Heat-actuated heat pumps are cooling systems requiring no electricity for operation. Rather, a heat source is used, avoiding the ne ...
Hydrogen has many applications when it comes to fuel. It can be used both in internal combustion engines and hydrogen fuel cells. ...
Microtechnology-Based Energy and Chemical Systems will most likely employ combustion for driving processes such as vapor generation ...
The product gas can be burned in boilers to generate heat and raise steam, in internal combustion engines to generate electricity a ...
Micro technology can be employed to produce miniaturized refrigeration and cryocooling systems. Although process intensificat ...
If water is put on the floor on a cleaning operation, it tends to dry rapidly after a short time. In this position, we say that the water evaporates. Basically what happened is this means that changes in water levels from liquid to gas or steam. Evaporation occurs when molecules escape the surface of a liquid when they have enough kinetic energy to go off from the body of liquid. (more…)
10 benefits of Solar Energy: No 1 Solar energy is renewable. We never have to worry about running out of sunlight or usi ...
Extensive insulation repairs are usually done by contractors having the specific skills and equipment appropriate to the type o ...
Natural gas is found mainly in underground reservoirs and in coal beds. Natural gas is a fossil fuel that consist primarily of ...
It is a reasonable and sensible action to tighten our belts and cut spending as living cost are climbing nowadays. We have to m ...
Public acceptance (PA) clusters are defined by a number of rather intangible commonalties dealing with social values and public ...
Wind energy comes from the mismatched heating system of the planet that runs all day and night, heated and cooled by the sun. They are also come as effect of the different between land and sea heat temperature, and natural barriers such as mountains. (more…)
Wind is a natural and inexhaustible source of energy, wind does not have to be imported or mined from deep down the earth. Wind ...
Power consumption from electricity is an essential element of the U.S. economy since the beginning of the century. Coal power plant ...
Magnetic power generator acted as a generator of free power because it generate electricity to power your home at free of cost to b ...
Renewable energy generators are devices that convert energy from its original form in the renewable energy source into electric ...
Would it not be great to be able to produce your own electricity supply at home? The idea of being independently powered up without ...