Household Fuel Use Patterns In Developing Countries

Indoor air quality (IAQ) research deals with the presence, levels, health effects, and control of physical, chemical, and biological factors in indoor environments, including homes, workplaces, and vehicles. IAQ research in industrialized countries has examined hundreds of specific factors (e.g., temperature, various chemicals, and mold), sources of pollution environment (e.g., environmental tobacco smoke, occupational factors, consumer cleaning products, and moisture), and control technologies (e.g., ventilation). (more…)

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Copy Machines Energy Consumption - How to use Photocopier Energy Saving Feature

Copy Machines Energy Consumption
The office copy machines (photocopier) is everywhere. Seven millions unit are in used in the United States and more than 1.5 million are sold each year. Anyone who has worked in an office has probably used at least once or perhaps spend hours making many copies. The copy machines are not cheap, not just the price. Office stencils related equipment is the fastest-growing use of electricity in commercial buildings in the U.S., according to the Department of Energy. The electricity consumed by office equipment companies will cost reaching two million dollar per year and copiers play an important role in this matter. (more…)

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Printer Energy Consumption – How to use Printers Energy Saving Feature

Printer Energy Consumption
It is known that laser printers print faster, but swallow a large amount of energy, even if the printer is in the energy saving mode. Most inkjet printers work on the other side, with print speeds slower but consumes much less energy. Therefore, desktop laser printers have faster print speeds more than 40 ppm, published for the majority of energy used, while a multifunction inkjet printer print quickly you can pay a few pages the same period. So, how to measure the effectiveness of energy saving is measured printers? This can be determined on the basis of the energy consumption per printed page. (more…)

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HVAC Energy Consumption – Optimum Energy Efficiency Management

HVAC Energy Efficiency
HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) systems vary depending on the complexity of room units size from single rooms to large systems, central control, which serves several areas of a building. In large, modern office buildings with heat gains from lights, people and equipment, interior spaces often require constant cooling. Rooms within the building itself (rooms with exterior walls, ceilings or roofs), it may be necessary to heat and / or cooled the weather conditions change hourly or daily outside. In buildings over one story in height, perimeter zones in the lower levels tend to be the penetration of air infiltration without so much control. (more…)

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Solar Water Stills: Principles And Application

Since the 1980s, no large-capacity solar distillation plants have been built, mainly for the following reasons: Large installation areas are needed, solar distillation plants have low efficiencies, and solar water desalination has been developed, which in some cases can replace solar distillation (e.g., for medium-size communities). (more…)

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Solar Flat Plate Collectors


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From the turn of the century to 1911, more than a dozen inventors filed patents that improved on the Climax. However, none changed the fact that the heating unit and the storage unit were one and the same and both laid exposed to the weather and the cold night air. Hence, water heated by the sun the night before never stayed hot enough to do the wash the next morning or to heat the bath. In 1909, William J. Bailey patented a solar water heater that revolutionized the business. (more…)

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Cryogenics Freezing: Helium, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Oxygen, Methane, and Krypton

The term cryogenics derives from the Greek kryos, for icy cold. The upper limit that characterizes the cryogenic region of the temperature scale is subjective. If the delimitation criterion takes into consideration practical reasons, then this upper limit can be established at a higher than usually declared value (120 K) in order to include natural gas fuel liquefaction. The cryogenics region of the temperature scale 0–120 K can be divided into sub regions according to the criteria of the cryogenic method and refrigerant (known as crycoolers) as follows: (more…)

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Absorption Refrigeration Systems: Principles and Advantages of Cooling

The idea of using an absorption fluid as a refrigerant carrier derived from the drawback of VCR (vapor–compression refrigeration) systems that the gas compression requires a high work input. A pump that requires practically no work to increase the pressure in the refrigeration system replaces the complicated and work-consuming compressor. There are two major advantages of absorption refrigeration systems (ARSs) compared with VCRs (vapor–compression refrigeration): No CFCs or HCFCs are used as refrigerants, and they use heat from different sources, such as combustion, industrial processes, waste heat (an economical solution for recovery), or solar heat. (more…)

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Solar Dryer: Agriculture and Food Drying Systems

Solar dryers are special structures that enhance the drying power of the sun and protect the agricultural product from dust, dirt, and insects. Table below shows a block diagram of an active solar drying system, consisting of solar air collectors, a drying unit or chamber, and an air handling unit. An active solar drying system can accommodate the use of a backup heat source when there in not enough solar heat available. (more…)

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Solar Water Heating for Swimming Pools

Solar water heating for swimming pool rank as the most successful but least heralded commercial solar application. The use of solar energy for pool heating and the equipment and needs of pool owners make a perfect match. The storage unit for the solar heated water already exists—the swimming pool. The pump needed to push water through the solar collectors must be purchased irrespective of the technology used to heat the water. The pool owner merely has to purchase the solar collectors. Since those using the pool generally want the temperature of the pool to be no higher than 801F (271C), the solar collectors do not require a costly glass cover or expensive metal sheeting and piping. (more…)

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