More than 48% of the raw material fiber used for paper production (chemical pulp or mechanical pulp) in the United States in 2002 was recovered or reclaimed, with recovered paper contributing 37.7% and wood residues 10.6%. The total has been more or less constant, with the percentage of recovered paper increasing and that of wood residues declining recently due to their increased use in oriented strand board and composite panels. Primary fibers are a renewable, domestic resource, much of which is currently supplied by tree plantations. Short-rotation forestry can be used to further increase the productivity of these plantations. (more…)
Most discussions of energy use in paper production and papermaking are confusing because of a failure to define exactly what is mea ...
Agricultural and forestry residues provide the largest proportion of biomass used for the production of biomas bioenergy. Some esti ...
The evidence on the environmental Kuznets curve indicates that national environmental policies differ between high-income and low-i ...
Another large source of renewable carbon supplies is waste biomass. It consists of a wide range of materials and includes munic ...
Another large source of renewable carbon supplies is waste biomass. It consists of a wide range of materials and includes munic ...
Agricultural and forestry residues provide the largest proportion of biomass used for the production of biomas bioenergy. Some estimates suggest that globally available biomass role in the form of recoverable residues represents about 40 Ejyr -1, enough to meet 10% of the total present energy use of 406 Ejyr -1 . However, realizing this potential is limited by factors such as ease and cost of recovery and environmental concerns relating to sustainable land use practices. (more…)
Estimation of the future technical potential of biomass as an energy source is dependent on assumptions with respect to land av ...
The quantification of the actual reduction in green house gases sourcess emissions resulting from the substitution of fossil fu ...
Bioenergy produced from biomass is sometimes called a carbon-neutral energy source, because the same quantity of carbon released wh ...
To date, most discussion and research relating to the various of biomass role in mitigating CO2 emissions has been focused around i ...
Another large source of renewable carbon supplies is waste biomass. It consists of a wide range of materials and includes munic ...
Estimation of the future technical potential of biomass as an energy source is dependent on assumptions with respect to land availability and productivity as well as conversion technologies. With the emergence of energy crops as the major source of biomass fuel, land use conflicts, especially in relation to food production, may arise. However, with efficient agricultural practices, plantations and crops could supply a large proportion of energy needs, with residues playing a smaller role without compromising food production or further intensifying agricultural practices. (more…)
The future development of energy crops, to the level at which they would replace residues as the major bioenergy fuel source, will ...
Bioenergy produced from biomass is sometimes called a carbon-neutral energy source, because the same quantity of carbon released wh ...
The quantification of the actual reduction in green house gases sourcess emissions resulting from the substitution of fossil fu ...
To date, most discussion and research relating to the various of biomass role in mitigating CO2 emissions has been focused around i ...
Over the last decade, the number of countries researching the potential of biomass and bioenergy for energy services rose rapid ...
Another large source of renewable carbon supplies is waste biomass. It consists of a wide range of materials and includes municipal solid wastes (MSW), municipal biosolids (sewage), industrial wastes, animal manures, agricultural crop and forestry residues, landscaping and tree clippings and trash, and dead biomass that results from nature’s life cycles. Several of these wastes can cause serious health or environmental problems if they are not disposed of properly. Some wastes such as MSW can be considered to be a source of recyclables such as metals and glass in addition to energy. Thus, waste biomass is a potential energy resource in the same manner as virgin biomass. (more…)
Another large source of renewable carbon supplies is waste biomass. It consists of a wide range of materials and includes munic ...
Estimation of the future technical potential of biomass as an energy source is dependent on assumptions with respect to land av ...
Bioenergy produced from biomass is sometimes called a carbon-neutral energy source, because the same quantity of carbon released wh ...
The future development of energy crops, to the level at which they would replace residues as the major bioenergy fuel source, will ...
Agricultural and forestry residues provide the largest proportion of biomass used for the production of biomas bioenergy. Some esti ...
Another large source of renewable carbon supplies is waste biomass. It consists of a wide range of materials and includes municipal solid wastes (MSW), municipal biosolids (sewage), industrial wastes, animal manures, agricultural crop and forestry residues, landscaping and tree clippings and trash, and dead biomass that results from nature’s life cycles. Several of these wastes can cause serious health or environmental problems if they are not disposed of properly. Some wastes such as MSW can be considered to be a source of recyclables such as metals and glass in addition to energy. (more…)
Another large source of renewable carbon supplies is waste biomass. It consists of a wide range of materials and includes munic ...
Estimation of the future technical potential of biomass as an energy source is dependent on assumptions with respect to land av ...
Bioenergy produced from biomass is sometimes called a carbon-neutral energy source, because the same quantity of carbon released wh ...
The future development of energy crops, to the level at which they would replace residues as the major bioenergy fuel source, will ...
To date, most discussion and research relating to the various of biomass role in mitigating CO2 emissions has been focused around i ...
Over the last decade, the number of countries researching the potential of biomass and bioenergy for energy services rose rapidly. This contributed to the biomass as solid and liquid fuels, an interesting and promising option among renewable energy sources available. This includes solid waste and biomass, which comprises of charcoal, firewood, energy crops and forestry and agricultural residues to produce heat and electricity, (more…)
Bioenergy produced from biomass is sometimes called a carbon-neutral energy source, because the same quantity of carbon released wh ...
The future development of energy crops, to the level at which they would replace residues as the major bioenergy fuel source, will ...
Estimation of the future technical potential of biomass as an energy source is dependent on assumptions with respect to land av ...
The quantification of the actual reduction in green house gases sourcess emissions resulting from the substitution of fossil fu ...
Biomass has been a main energy sources in the world since the beginning of civilization. It has been important in development p ...
Statistics on national production levels and indicators of environmental pressure have been collected during the past few decades (and reconstructed for the more distant past) to document the link between world economic growth and the environment. The theory of world economic growth and economic theories of world natural resources provide explanations and interpretations of the trends as well as methods to assess future developments. The basic approach in most statistical and theoretical analyses is the decomposition of aggregate production function of a nation into, on the one hand, the current state of technology and, on the other hand, the inputs into the national production process. The main inputs are labor (hours worked), capital (produced means of production that can be used over a certain time period), and world natural resources. (more…)
The evidence on the environmental Kuznets curve indicates that national environmental policies differ between high-income and low-i ...
The convention aims not only at stabilizing CO2 emissions in developed countries but also at ultimately reducing man-made CO2 e ...
The future development of energy crops, to the level at which they would replace residues as the major bioenergy fuel source, will ...
Energy quality is the relative economic usefulness per heat equivalent unit of different fuels and electricity. One way of measurin ...
From prehistory until the Industrial Revolution, most energy sources used by humans were localized (i.e., available within 5–10 mil ...
The ecological footprint definition is a measurement that compares rates of human resource consumption and waste generation with the biosphere’s rates of resource regeneration and waste energy assimilation, expressed in terms of the area necessary to maintain these flows. Ecological footprints represent the biologically productive space required to produce the resources and absorb the waste biomass of a given population, organization, or product using prevailing management and technology. (more…)
Biodegradable materials are considered those materials that can be destroyed by microorganisms. To prevent the accumulation of non- ...
In this new century, there is considerable pressure on the top six automakers to reduce their environmental and ecological footprin ...
The accumulation of carbon within a forest growth cycle can be considered in four stages. The initial establishment stage involves ...
The convention aims not only at stabilizing CO2 emissions in developed countries but also at ultimately reducing man-made CO2 e ...
Statistics on national production levels and indicators of environmental pressure have been collected during the past few decad ...