Most discussions of energy use in paper production and papermaking are confusing because of a failure to define exactly what is meant by energy. It is important to keep track of the form in which energy is used. The major inputs to a paper mill are wood, purchased energy in the form of electricity and fossil fuels, and water. Some components of the wood are used as a raw material and some as by-product fuel. What the industry generally reports is the process energy use at the mill, which is the sum of the purchased energy and the process by-product energy (part of the energy originally in the wood) that is used. (more…)
More than 48% of the raw material fiber used for paper production (chemical pulp or mechanical pulp) in the United States in 2002 w ...
Agricultural and forestry residues provide the largest proportion of biomass used for the production of biomas bioenergy. Some esti ...
To date, most discussion and research relating to the various of biomass role in mitigating CO2 emissions has been focused around i ...
Another large source of renewable carbon supplies is waste biomass. It consists of a wide range of materials and includes munic ...
In Europe, modern renewable energy sources technologies were explored thoroughly for the first time after the oil embargo/ price cr ...
Because transportation is such a large contributor to global warming, both globally and in the United States, climate and energy experts say finding clean alternatives to gasoline is also key to replacing fossil fuels and slowing global warming. Just as there is debate and competing research about which type of alternative transportation fuel should be developed to produce electricity, however, there is also competition among possible new transportation fuels. So far, in the United States, significant funding has been put into two transportation technologies—ethanol and hydrogen fuel cells. Many energy commentators say cars powered by electric batteries are the technology closest to mass production capability, however. (more…)
Gasoline is used mainly by cars, motorcycles, and light trucks; diesel is used mainly by heavier trucks, buses, and trains. Togethe ...
The increase in the prices of major fuels, like gasoline and diesel fuel products is a major global problems recently. Those pr ...
The French Union of Petroleum Industries (UFIP) announced that from Wednesday 1 April, the French vehicles may use a new fuel cal ...
In 1998, several initiatives were implemented in Brazil, aiming to introduce biodiesel into the Brazilian energy matrix. The in ...
There are different types of vehicle propulsion systems and the transportation fuels that have been studied for their potential ...
Air-blown circulating fluidized bed gasifiers are of interest because they produce a good quality, low calorific value (LCV) gas (4–6 MJ/Nm 3 ) and possess a very high carbon conversion efficiency while allowing high capacity, good tolerance to variations in fuel quality, and reliable operation. The high and homogeneously distributed temperatures and the use of particular bed materials, such as dolomite, favor tar cracking. Successful tar cracking can also be achieved using secondary circulating fluidized bed reactors. Also, successful tests on catalytic tar cracking have been performed, for example, by introducing nickel compounds into the gasifier. Sulfur control is made easier because of the significant reduction that can be achieved by adding limestone or dolomite to the gasifier bed. (more…)
The moisture content of the feedstock affects the gas composition and the energy balance of the process since gasification is an en ...
Thermo chemical processing of biomass yields gaseous, liquid, and solid products and offers a means of producing useful gaseous ...
A combination of legislation and technology has helped clean up many of the world’s coal-burning plants. Both developed and develop ...
Biomass Storage Biomass storage is required to ensure the continuous operation of the facility. To limit the space required for ...
Gasification is a thermo chemical process that has been exploited for more than a century for converting solid feedstocks to ga ...
The accumulation of carbon within a forest growth cycle can be considered in four stages. The initial establishment stage involves low global carbon cycle accumulation and may even experience net carbon loss (particularly from soil) as a result of site preparation and low biomass and bioenergy inputs. A rapid uptake of carbon is then experienced during the second phase, known as the full vigor stage, which subsequently levels off as the stand reaches the mature stage. Finally, the forest reaches old growth and the carbon is in steady state with accumulation associated with new growth balanced by mortality and disturbances. (more…)
Climate change caused by the enhanced greenhouse effect is one of the most significant global environmental issues. Increased emiss ...
To date, most discussion and research relating to the various of biomass role in mitigating CO2 emissions has been focused around i ...
The quantification of the actual reduction in green house gases sourcess emissions resulting from the substitution of fossil fu ...
Bioenergy produced from biomass is sometimes called a carbon-neutral energy source, because the same quantity of carbon released wh ...
The global cycling of carbon involves both biological and physical processes. Only the biological components are discussed here. Pl ...
Interest in rating the real-life energy performance of buildings has increased in recent years, and the real life efficiency performance rating of buildings is important for any sustainable energy future. (more…)
As the need for energy efficiency becomes more pronounced, the drive toward efficiency in the commercial sector will be impeded by ...
Energy performance ratings tell what the energy performance of a building is, but if the energy performance of a building is to be ...
Current forecasts call for solid growth in world energy use over the next 20 years, potentially increasing 60% above current energy ...
There are only a few compulsory energy efficiency programs aimed at industrial facilities. It is only recently that the EU introduc ...
The amount of energy consumed in the commercial sector often must be estimated as a fraction of energy use in the combined resident ...
The future development of energy crops, to the level at which they would replace residues as the major bioenergy fuel source, will be largely dependent on regional factors such as climate change and local energy requirements and emission factors, which will determine their environmental and financial viability. (more…)
Estimation of the future technical potential of biomass as an energy source is dependent on assumptions with respect to land av ...
Bioenergy produced from biomass is sometimes called a carbon-neutral energy source, because the same quantity of carbon released wh ...
Advances in biomass feedstock production are extremely important. These advances have the potential for reducing the final cost ...
Over the last decade, the number of countries researching the potential of biomass and bioenergy for energy services rose rapid ...
The accumulation of carbon within a forest growth cycle can be considered in four stages. The initial establishment stage involves ...
Estimation of the future technical potential of biomass as an energy source is dependent on assumptions with respect to land availability and productivity as well as conversion technologies. With the emergence of energy crops as the major source of biomass fuel, land use conflicts, especially in relation to food production, may arise. However, with efficient agricultural practices, plantations and crops could supply a large proportion of energy needs, with residues playing a smaller role without compromising food production or further intensifying agricultural practices. (more…)
The future development of energy crops, to the level at which they would replace residues as the major bioenergy fuel source, will ...
Bioenergy produced from biomass is sometimes called a carbon-neutral energy source, because the same quantity of carbon released wh ...
The quantification of the actual reduction in green house gases sourcess emissions resulting from the substitution of fossil fu ...
To date, most discussion and research relating to the various of biomass role in mitigating CO2 emissions has been focused around i ...
Over the last decade, the number of countries researching the potential of biomass and bioenergy for energy services rose rapid ...
The quantification of the actual reduction in green house gases sourcess emissions resulting from the substitution of fossil fuels with energy from waste biomass requires a complete lifecycle assessment (LCA). A systematic framework for estimating the net Green House Gases emissions from bioenergy systems and comparing them against the fossil fuel reference system that it would replace has been developed. The major considerations of the life cycle assessment approach to quantifying the greenhouse impacts of bioenergy are as follows: (more…)
Bioenergy produced from biomass is sometimes called a carbon-neutral energy source, because the same quantity of carbon released wh ...
Climate change caused by the enhanced greenhouse effect is one of the most significant global environmental issues. Increased emiss ...
To date, most discussion and research relating to the various of biomass role in mitigating CO2 emissions has been focused around i ...
Estimation of the future technical potential of biomass as an energy source is dependent on assumptions with respect to land av ...
The accumulation of carbon within a forest growth cycle can be considered in four stages. The initial establishment stage involves ...
Another large source of renewable carbon supplies is waste biomass. It consists of a wide range of materials and includes municipal solid wastes (MSW), municipal biosolids (sewage), industrial wastes, animal manures, agricultural crop and forestry residues, landscaping and tree clippings and trash, and dead biomass that results from nature’s life cycles. Several of these wastes can cause serious health or environmental problems if they are not disposed of properly. Some wastes such as MSW can be considered to be a source of recyclables such as metals and glass in addition to energy. Thus, waste biomass is a potential energy resource in the same manner as virgin biomass. (more…)
Another large source of renewable carbon supplies is waste biomass. It consists of a wide range of materials and includes munic ...
Estimation of the future technical potential of biomass as an energy source is dependent on assumptions with respect to land av ...
Bioenergy produced from biomass is sometimes called a carbon-neutral energy source, because the same quantity of carbon released wh ...
The future development of energy crops, to the level at which they would replace residues as the major bioenergy fuel source, will ...
Agricultural and forestry residues provide the largest proportion of biomass used for the production of biomas bioenergy. Some esti ...
Another large source of renewable carbon supplies is waste biomass. It consists of a wide range of materials and includes municipal solid wastes (MSW), municipal biosolids (sewage), industrial wastes, animal manures, agricultural crop and forestry residues, landscaping and tree clippings and trash, and dead biomass that results from nature’s life cycles. Several of these wastes can cause serious health or environmental problems if they are not disposed of properly. Some wastes such as MSW can be considered to be a source of recyclables such as metals and glass in addition to energy. (more…)
Another large source of renewable carbon supplies is waste biomass. It consists of a wide range of materials and includes munic ...
Estimation of the future technical potential of biomass as an energy source is dependent on assumptions with respect to land av ...
Bioenergy produced from biomass is sometimes called a carbon-neutral energy source, because the same quantity of carbon released wh ...
The future development of energy crops, to the level at which they would replace residues as the major bioenergy fuel source, will ...
To date, most discussion and research relating to the various of biomass role in mitigating CO2 emissions has been focused around i ...