Global energy consumption in the last half century has increased very rapidly and is expected to continue to grow over the next 50 years. However, we expect to see significant differences between the last 50 years and the next. The past increase was stimulated by relatively “cheap” fossil fuels and increased rates of industrialization in North America, Europe, and Japan; yet while energy consumption in these countries continues to increase, additional factors are making the picture for the next 50 years more complex. These additional complicating factors include the very rapid increase fuel economy in energy use in China and India (countries representing about a third of the world’s population); the expected depletion of oil resources in the not-too-distant future; and the effect of human activities on global climate change. (more…)
The relationship of gross national product per capita to energy consumption per capita for most countries of the world correlat ...
The long-term prospects for the U.K. economy are inevitably uncertain, and the most recent Department of Energy long-term proje ...
Transportation is another sector that has increased its relative share of primary energy use. This sector has serious concerns ...
The development of the ‘‘new’’ wind and solar technologies is of great importance for the future contribution of RESs to energy sup ...
To determine the effects of past climate trends on global energy consumption, the econometric equations providing the degree day el ...
The long-term prospects for the U.K. economy are inevitably uncertain, and the most recent Department of Energy long-term projection puts forward three scenarios for the next 30 years with GDP growth rates of roughly 2.5, 1.5 and 0.5% p.a. The highest value corresponds to slightly less than the 1948 - 72 average, the central value is close to the long-run average over the last 80 years, and the lowest figure is similar to the performance during the current recession since 1973. (more…)
Following the recent completion of three nuclear power plants, there is now some 9.6 GW of nuclear capacity in the United Kingd ...
Global energy consumption in the last half century has increased very rapidly and is expected to continue to grow over the next ...
Most major oil and gas firms engage in both upstream (i.e., hydrocarbon exploration and production) and downstream (i.e., hydro ...
Energy is consumed by various segments of the economy, including households, commercial establishments, manufacturing enterpris ...
World energy use has increased steadily over the past several decades. Much of the growth in world energy consumption has been ...
One of the most important aerodynamic effects on energy consumption required to keep a body moving through a fluid is the aerodynamic drag force. The drag must be overcome by the thrust of a propulsion mechanism, which in turn is consuming energy. Everything else being equal, the higher the drag, the more energy is consumed. Therefore, for energy efficiency, bodies moving through a fluid should be low drag bodies. To understand how to obtain low drag, we have to first understand the nature of drag, and what really causes it. (more…)
The next time you hear an airplane flying overhead, look up, and pause for a moment. What you see is a machine that is heavier than ...
Plate tectonics is conceptually simple. It treats Earth’s outer shell as made up of approximately 15 rigid plates, about 100 km thi ...
The most fundamental process from an energy systems standpoint is heat transfer to (or from) a working fluid. This unit operation t ...
Mixing is a process where two or more liquids or gas phase components are brought together and combined to form a uniform compositi ...
Hydraulic turbines have two main classifications: impulse and reaction. The impulse turbine generally uses the velocity of the wate ...
Green computing has forced even the largest companies to rethink and refocus to use energy more efficiently. We have low-power processors, motherboards, memory modules, hard drives and technology energy efficiency even higher. But still, there are many devices that need to be look at if they are efficient enough. You still need to look at each individual product like LCD and CRD monitor displays to decide whether their effectiveness in reducing your monthly electricity bills.
Most of the nation’s approximately 61 million monitors are associated with desktop PCs and workstations, whereas some 13 million displays rely on video input (as seen in airports). (more…)
After lighting, personal computers (PC) and monitors have the highest energy use in office environments. Studies have shown tha ...
It is a reasonable and sensible action to tighten our belts and cut spending as living cost are climbing nowadays. We have to m ...
It is known that laser printers print faster, but swallow a large amount of energy, even if the printer is in the energy saving ...
Power generation and distribution networks are built with spare capacity to meet peak periods of energy consumption is usually ...
The office copy machines (photocopier) is everywhere. Seven millions unit are in used in the United States and more than 1.5 mi ...
After lighting, personal computers (PC) and monitors have the highest energy use in office environments. Studies have shown that the power management of computers and monitors can significantly reduce the energy consumption per capita, saving hundreds or thousands of dollars per year in electricity costs. The energy consumption of computers and monitors will be needed by the amount of energy to work and how they are used is determined.
The installed base of approximately 71 million personal computers and 2.5 million workstations in 2000 consumed 17.4 and 1.8 TWh, respectively. (more…)
Green computing has forced even the largest companies to rethink and refocus to use energy more efficiently. We have low-power ...
It is known that laser printers print faster, but swallow a large amount of energy, even if the printer is in the energy saving ...
Power generation and distribution networks are built with spare capacity to meet peak periods of energy consumption is usually ...
The office copy machines (photocopier) is everywhere. Seven millions unit are in used in the United States and more than 1.5 mi ...
The pace of innovations in batteries has not matched the remarkably fast evolution in the development of portable electronic techno ...
The volatility in oil prices since the early 1970s is a remarkable feature of energy economics. Annual fluctuations in the oil price level, as measured by the absolute value of year-to-year price changes, averaged only 1% in the 1949–1970 period; from 1970 to date, these fluctuations increased dramatically, reaching an order of magnitude of 30% per year. Even in the relatively stable period from 1986 to 1997, oil prices were more volatile than other primary commodities. (more…)
In the post-World War II period, until the beginning of the 1970s, oil price fluctuations were very small. From 1949 to 1970, a ...
The focus of this section is on the quantitative assessment of the impact of oil price fluctuations on inflation. For that purp ...
The evolution of oil prices is typically subject to a very high degree of uncertainty, given the extremely volatile nature of c ...
Most major oil and gas firms engage in both upstream (i.e., hydrocarbon exploration and production) and downstream (i.e., hydro ...
There are many possible reasons for suspecting market failure in a product like gasoline. Throughout the world, the exploration ...
Power generation and distribution networks are built with spare capacity to meet peak periods of energy consumption is usually a time when demand for heating and / or cooling is particularly acute accommodate. Normally, peak electricity demand in some cases last just a few hours every year. And while the networks have always had to cope with peaks in recent years, the electricity consumption during peak hours has increased dramatically in the afternoon. (more…)
Here, the sensitivity of energy demand to climate is measured two ways. The first method uses elasticities that provide simple summ ...
HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) systems vary depending on the complexity of room units size from single rooms ...
To determine the effects of past climate trends on global energy consumption, the econometric equations providing the degree day el ...
After lighting, personal computers (PC) and monitors have the highest energy use in office environments. Studies have shown tha ...
The office copy machines (photocopier) is everywhere. Seven millions unit are in used in the United States and more than 1.5 mi ...
Although technology change (usually involving an improvement in energy efficiency) is not inherently a geographic process, it does not occur uniformly over geographic space. Consequently, mathematical modeling and behavioral and innovation diffusion studies by geographers have improved our understanding of the pervasive phenomenon of technology energy efficiency change in energy markets. Similarly, creative government policies in Germany since 1990 have led to a faster rate of adoption of renewable energy sources, compared to the United States. (more…)
The development of the ‘‘new’’ wind and solar technologies is of great importance for the future contribution of RESs to energy sup ...
Renewable energy sources cannot run out and causes so little damage to the environment that its use does not need to be restric ...
In Europe, modern renewable energy sources technologies were explored thoroughly for the first time after the oil embargo/ price cr ...
Government expenditures on energy R&D, energy conservation have risen steadily over the past decade, but only two countries, Japan ...
"Spain has great potential but lack geothermal legislation and investment." Besides being clean, renewable and friendly, easily man ...
Energy labeling is a policy tool that informs consumers about the energy performance of appliances and thereby encourages them to purchase appliances that provide the services they need with less energy consumption. In providing information to consumers about equipment energy consumption and operating costs that would otherwise be invisible or unavailable, energy labeling enables consumers to make more balanced and rational purchasing decisions. Energy labels can also help consumers to identify the most efficient products on the market. In effect, energy labeling attempts to provide a market ‘‘pull’’ for more energy-efficient products while simultaneously presenting information that might discourage the purchase of less efficient products. (more…)
It is important to remember that labeling and MEPS programs aim to influence the selection of products by consumers at the poin ...
Endorsement labels indicate that the products carrying the labels belong to the ‘‘most energy-efficient’’ class of products or ...
There are only a few compulsory energy efficiency programs aimed at industrial facilities. It is only recently that the EU introduc ...
As the need for energy efficiency becomes more pronounced, the drive toward efficiency in the commercial sector will be impeded by ...
As energy prices increase, industries are more and more aware that energy is an expensive commodity that has to be used effic ...
Coal use today is no longer evocative of dirty power plants with polluting black smoke billowing from their smokestacks. Many of these plants have been transformed through technology to operate more efficiently and with significantly lower emissions. Some fire coal with other waste materials and others produce both electric power and heat transmission. Cases of plant retrofits and their new performance statistics are documented by various institutions, including the Energy Information Administration (http:// www.eia.doe.gov) and the World Coal Institute (http://www.wci-coal.com). The following examples highlight clean coal use throughout the world: (more…)
Natural gas and oil are common source energy used to give electricity. How efficient is coal if we compare to these other source of ...
A combination of legislation and technology has helped clean up many of the world’s coal-burning plants. Both developed and develop ...
The largest use of coal today is in the generation of electric power by electric utilities. According to the U.S. Energy Inform ...
Power consumption from electricity is an essential element of the U.S. economy since the beginning of the century. Coal power plant ...