Reducing exposure to indoor air pollution from household energy use can be achieved through interventions in of the following areas:
* Emissions source and energy technology (fuel– stove combination).
* Housing design and ventilation.
* Behavior and time–activity budget. (more…)
Important research over the past few decades has illustrated that indoor air pollution and indoor smoke from solid fuel poses i ...
Indoor air quality (IAQ) research deals with the presence, levels, health effects, and control of physical, chemical, and biologica ...
Exposure to air pollutants and air pollution problem are very high in indoor environments in developing countries. Smith has es ...
Lack of access to cleaner energy and the negative outwardnesses associated with energy consumption tend to cycle of poverty for ...
Coal is still used to a small extent for home heating and cooking. In the homes of more affluent nations, coal is used for recreati ...
The long-term prospects for the U.K. economy are inevitably uncertain, and the most recent Department of Energy long-term projection puts forward three scenarios for the next 30 years with GDP growth rates of roughly 2.5, 1.5 and 0.5% p.a. The highest value corresponds to slightly less than the 1948 - 72 average, the central value is close to the long-run average over the last 80 years, and the lowest figure is similar to the performance during the current recession since 1973. (more…)
Following the recent completion of three nuclear power plants, there is now some 9.6 GW of nuclear capacity in the United Kingd ...
Global energy consumption in the last half century has increased very rapidly and is expected to continue to grow over the next ...
Most major oil and gas firms engage in both upstream (i.e., hydrocarbon exploration and production) and downstream (i.e., hydro ...
Energy is consumed by various segments of the economy, including households, commercial establishments, manufacturing enterpris ...
World energy use has increased steadily over the past several decades. Much of the growth in world energy consumption has been ...
Fiber optic systems have many advantages on the basis of the communication systems technology compare to metallic media communication. These advantages include lower interference, small signal attenuation and bandwidth characteristics. In addition, relatively small cross-section of the fiber optic cable from a substantial growth in capacity in the existing lines is replaced. Properties of optical fibers can be classified as linear and nonlinear. Non-linear properties are influenced by parameters such as bit rate, channel spacing, and the level of performance. (more…)
There are literally thousands of uses for lasers. One of the largest applications is telecommunications—sending a signal throug ...
Several passive heating systems, if provided with proper ventilation, can ensure to provide cooling. Passive heating and cooling fo ...
Most discussions of energy use in paper production and papermaking are confusing because of a failure to define exactly what is mea ...
More than 48% of the raw material fiber used for paper production (chemical pulp or mechanical pulp) in the United States in 2002 w ...
Different lasers use different materials as the active medium. The medium can be either solid, liquid, or gas, and there are ad ...
The office copy machines (photocopier) is everywhere. Seven millions unit are in used in the United States and more than 1.5 million are sold each year. Anyone who has worked in an office has probably used at least once or perhaps spend hours making many copies. The copy machines are not cheap, not just the price. Office stencils related equipment is the fastest-growing use of electricity in commercial buildings in the U.S., according to the Department of Energy. The electricity consumed by office equipment companies will cost reaching two million dollar per year and copiers play an important role in this matter. (more…)
It is known that laser printers print faster, but swallow a large amount of energy, even if the printer is in the energy saving ...
After lighting, personal computers (PC) and monitors have the highest energy use in office environments. Studies have shown tha ...
Power generation and distribution networks are built with spare capacity to meet peak periods of energy consumption is usually ...
HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) systems vary depending on the complexity of room units size from single rooms ...
If a space is occupied on a predictable schedule, you can use either timeclocks or setback thermostats to turn the conditioning ...
Exposure to air pollutants and air pollution problem are very high in indoor environments in developing countries. Smith has estimated that at the aggregate level (i.e., without accounting for particle size, chemical composition, and source), approximately 80% of total global exposure to airborne particulate matter occurs indoors in developing nations. Details of exposure for various household members, and the roles of both pollution and behavior (e.g., location with respect to stove and activities), have been studied and evaluated using new tools and technology. (more…)
Important research over the past few decades has illustrated that indoor air pollution and indoor smoke from solid fuel poses i ...
Exposure to indoor air pollution from the combustion of solid fuels has been implicated, with varying degrees of evidence, as a ...
Smoke from biomass and coal combustion contains a large number of pollutants with known health hazards, including particulate matte ...
Indoor air quality (IAQ) research deals with the presence, levels, health effects, and control of physical, chemical, and biologica ...
Reducing exposure to indoor air pollution from household energy use can be achieved through interventions in of the following a ...
There are many efforts to make building more comfortable and to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions from buildings. For many years we tried to increase wall thickness of the wall insulation and roof insulation and adding the bottom insulation.
This seems logical, but I recently attended a seminar in where a speaker tried to make a comparison of as opposed to two major areas of new construction. These building were build year apart and built insulation levels in the store later far exceeded the first branch. Although the shops were of similar size, has a similar level of glass and skylights, the shop recently built, although it improved R-values (please refer to insulation R-Value chart), 43% costs warmer than the last. (more…)
It is easier and less costly to fit insulation in a new home than to retrofit. However, many existing houses have little or no insu ...
Imprinted on every batt or blanket of insulation or on every bag of loose insulation is its R-Value. The higher Insulation R-Value, ...
You must perform some sort of tour and visit of your home and property to find out exactly where it may need in applying insulation ...
If your house has no attic (most flat-roof houses don’t), chances are there’s a cockloft, a space between roof and ceiling, at ...
You know where to insulate, but there’s still one more thing you need to know about—vapor barriers. Well-insulated attics, craw ...
In this new century, there is considerable pressure on the top six automakers to reduce their environmental and ecological footprint calculation. The automaker that wins the race to build and sell the superior car will shape consumer preferences, thereby boosting sales and profits. The winning firm will fashion a corporate strategy that drives automobile emissions to near zero while simultaneously providing high levels of performance, safety, and comfort. (more…)
Corporate environmental strategy (CES) involves the tools, management programs, processes, and product development choices that all ...
In the pursuit of superior cars, electronic products, and computing, several leading multinational corporations began in the last q ...
Although it is significant that many of the above four imperatives are qualitative, not quantitative, such new efforts have begun t ...
This latter form of new car taxes can actually serve as an impediment to higher fuel economy to the extent that increased energ ...
There are several options that, ultimately, must be integrated when attempting to realize a change in corporate culture: the legal ...
Although it is significant that many of the above four imperatives are qualitative, not quantitative, such new efforts have begun to add an elevated level of urgency to corporate environmental strategy. Whereas the Bhopal and Valdez tragedies may have precipitated the birth of Corporate Environmental Strategy, global environmental concerns, such as water shortages in China, the energy crisis and electricity grid problems in the northeastern United States, and especially the complexities surrounding the economic impacts and costs of climate change, have begun to add a new turn-of the-century urgency to the debates over Corporate Environmental Strategy. (more…)
Corporate environmental strategy (CES) involves the tools, management programs, processes, and product development choices that all ...
In the pursuit of superior cars, electronic products, and computing, several leading multinational corporations began in the last q ...
There are several options that, ultimately, must be integrated when attempting to realize a change in corporate culture: the legal ...
In this new century, there is considerable pressure on the top six automakers to reduce their environmental and ecological footprin ...
As energy prices increase, industries are more and more aware that energy is an expensive commodity that has to be used effic ...
In the pursuit of superior cars, electronic products, and computing, several leading multinational corporations began in the last quarter of the 20th century to tie Corporate Environmental Strategy to their product strategy. Leaders such as Toyota and Honda are classic examples in the automotive industry, as are Shell and BP in the petroleum sector.
Those firms that had successfully integrated Corporate Environmental Strategy into their normal business functions by the new century shared a common set of attributes. These attributes are described below as ‘‘generic’’ elements of allowing Corporate Environmental Strategy to be elevated within a corporate setting, as they often depend on organizational dynamics or a unique set of executive interests and needs. (more…)
Corporate environmental strategy (CES) involves the tools, management programs, processes, and product development choices that all ...
Although it is significant that many of the above four imperatives are qualitative, not quantitative, such new efforts have begun t ...
There are several options that, ultimately, must be integrated when attempting to realize a change in corporate culture: the legal ...
In this new century, there is considerable pressure on the top six automakers to reduce their environmental and ecological footprin ...
As energy prices increase, industries are more and more aware that energy is an expensive commodity that has to be used effic ...
The product gas can be burned in boilers to generate heat and raise steam, in internal combustion engines to generate electricity and heat at small to medium scale (from a few kilowatts to a few megawatts), and in gas turbines to generate electricity (Brayton cycle) and heat at small to large scale. In large-scale systems using gas turbines, the exhaust gas from the gas turbine can be used to raise steam in a heat recovery steam generator to generate additional electricity using a steam turbine (Rankine cycle), resulting in combined cycle operation. (more…)
Gasification is a thermo chemical process that has been exploited for more than a century for converting solid feedstocks to ga ...
The moisture content of the feedstock affects the gas composition and the energy balance of the process since gasification is an en ...
Biomass Storage Biomass storage is required to ensure the continuous operation of the facility. To limit the space required for ...
Natural gas and oil are common source energy used to give electricity. How efficient is coal if we compare to these other source of ...
Many characteristics of traditional engines make them attractive for use in power generation and propulsion technology. They tend t ...