The energy efficiencies of various fuel production pathways from well to pump. The efficiencies shown are defined as the energy in a given fuel (available at pumps in vehicle refueling stations) divided by total energy inputs during all Well-to-Pump activities, including the energy content of the fuel. One way to interpret the Well-to-Pump efficiencies in the figure is as the difference between 100% and the energy efficiencies, which roughly represent energy losses during Well-to-Pump stages for making a given fuel available at the pump. As stated in Section 3, Well-to-Pump activities include biomass feedstock production; feedstock transportation and storage; fuel production; and fuel transportation, storage, and distribution. (more…)
The combination of well-to-pump results and the energy use and emissions associated with vehicle operation (also called the pum ...
It shows Well-to-Wheels Greenhouse Gas emissions of the 23 vehicle/fuel systems. For each system, the bottom bar represents CO2 ...
Because different studies have different system boundaries and parametric assumptions, the studies described in Section 7 resulted ...
There are different types of vehicle propulsion systems and the transportation fuels that have been studied for their potential ...
At present, in the United States and worldwide, motor vehicles are fueled almost exclusively by petroleum based gasoline (or re ...
The future development of energy crops, to the level at which they would replace residues as the major bioenergy fuel source, will be largely dependent on regional factors such as climate change and local energy requirements and emission factors, which will determine their environmental and financial viability. (more…)
Estimation of the future technical potential of biomass as an energy source is dependent on assumptions with respect to land av ...
Bioenergy produced from biomass is sometimes called a carbon-neutral energy source, because the same quantity of carbon released wh ...
Advances in biomass feedstock production are extremely important. These advances have the potential for reducing the final cost ...
Over the last decade, the number of countries researching the potential of biomass and bioenergy for energy services rose rapid ...
The accumulation of carbon within a forest growth cycle can be considered in four stages. The initial establishment stage involves ...
Estimation of the future technical potential of biomass as an energy source is dependent on assumptions with respect to land availability and productivity as well as conversion technologies. With the emergence of energy crops as the major source of biomass fuel, land use conflicts, especially in relation to food production, may arise. However, with efficient agricultural practices, plantations and crops could supply a large proportion of energy needs, with residues playing a smaller role without compromising food production or further intensifying agricultural practices. (more…)
The future development of energy crops, to the level at which they would replace residues as the major bioenergy fuel source, will ...
Bioenergy produced from biomass is sometimes called a carbon-neutral energy source, because the same quantity of carbon released wh ...
The quantification of the actual reduction in green house gases sourcess emissions resulting from the substitution of fossil fu ...
To date, most discussion and research relating to the various of biomass role in mitigating CO2 emissions has been focused around i ...
Over the last decade, the number of countries researching the potential of biomass and bioenergy for energy services rose rapid ...
The convention aims not only at stabilizing CO2 emissions in developed countries but also at ultimately reducing man-made CO2 emissions globally so as to stabilize the global climate. Environmental degradation cannot be singled out as an independent matter among various global issues. (more…)
Biomass has been a main energy sources in the world since the beginning of civilization. It has been important in development p ...
Over the last decade, the number of countries researching the potential of biomass and bioenergy for energy services rose rapid ...
Renewable energy sources cannot run out and causes so little damage to the environment that its use does not need to be restric ...
Estimation of the future technical potential of biomass as an energy source is dependent on assumptions with respect to land av ...
Climate change caused by the enhanced greenhouse effect is one of the most significant global environmental issues. Increased emiss ...
Advances in biomass feedstock production are extremely important. These advances have the potential for reducing the final cost of biofuels, power, and products. In addition, advances will allow the production of plants, trees, and residues with characteristics increasingly well suited for feedstocks. For example, genetically engineered plants feedstocks may allow higher yields of usable biomass per acre for fuel and other uses. New methods in erosion control, fertilization, and pre-processing can result in (more…)
The future development of energy crops, to the level at which they would replace residues as the major bioenergy fuel source, will ...
Gasification is a thermo chemical process that has been exploited for more than a century for converting solid feedstocks to ga ...
Estimation of the future technical potential of biomass as an energy source is dependent on assumptions with respect to land av ...
The quantification of the actual reduction in green house gases sourcess emissions resulting from the substitution of fossil fu ...
Over the last decade, the number of countries researching the potential of biomass and bioenergy for energy services rose rapid ...