Scientists study Earth’s climate not just from observation but also from a theoretical perspective. Modern-day climate models successfully reproduce the key features of Earth’s climate, including the variations in wind patterns around the globe, the major ocean current systems such as the Gulf Stream, and the seasonal changes in temperature and rainfall associated with Earth’s annual revolution around the sun. The models also reproduce some of the more complex natural oscillations of the climate system. Just as the atmosphere displays random day-to-day variability that we term “weather,” the climate system produces its own random variations, on timescales of years. (more…)
Earth’s climate is a complex system of interacting natural components. These components include the atmosphere, the ocean, and the ...
Still hotly debated by some, human-induced global warming is now accepted in the scientific community. Earth’s average yearly tempe ...
Options for dealing with the threats of climate change include both adaptation to inevitable changes and mitigation, or lessening, ...
Although some scientists and critics still dispute that human caused greenhouse gases are causing climate change, the majority of s ...
Since preindustrial times, ambient concentrations of the greenhouse gases have exhibited substantial increases, inter alia CO2 ...
The growth in air transportation volume has important global energy sustainable development
associated with the potential for greenhouse gases sources. On local to regional scales, noise, decreased air quality related primarily to ozone production and particulate levels, and other issues, such as roadway congestion related to airport services and local water quality, are all recognized as important impacts. (more…)
Fuel efficiency gains due to technological and operational change can mitigate the influence of growth on total emissions. Incr ...
Although the focus of many policy studies of climate change is on establishing the causal links between anthropogenic systems, emis ...
The outlook for reductions in future energy use is necessarily based on the potential for increased technological and operati ...
Climate change caused by the enhanced greenhouse effect is one of the most significant global environmental issues. Increased emiss ...
Although some scientists and critics still dispute that human caused greenhouse gases are causing climate change, the majority of s ...
The development and blending of gasoline additives and petroleum additivies are undertaken for the most part by the petroleum refining industry. Additives are essential to the economic well-being of the industry because they tend to boost sales for gasoline fuel and diesel fuel. In most cases, gasoline additives do not differ in price by more than three to four cents a gallon. The recently developed additives do not necessarily sacrifice fuel efficiency and fuel savings for higher octane numbers. They are multifunctional. In addition to boosting octane ratings they may also clean the engine, which, in turn, leads to greater fuel efficiency. (more…)
Prior to the Clean Air Act of 1990, environmental issues regulations were aimed at reducing emissions as they left the exhaust ...
Most alternative fuel vehicles on the road today were originally designed for gasoline, but converted for use with an alternative f ...
In recent years, there has been a greater understanding of the role of automotive emissions as environmental pollutants. Sulfur dio ...
At present, in the United States and worldwide, motor vehicles are fueled almost exclusively by petroleum based gasoline (or re ...
The leading automotive brands are being focused to produce electric vehicles because they believe they represent a harmony to the e ...
In 2006, total world wind generating electricity capacity was around 72,000 MW, producing some 160 terawatt-hours (TWh) per year of electricity. As of the end of 2006, the top wind producers were Germany, with 20,622 MW; Spain, with 11,615 MW; and the United States, with 11,575 MW.
Even so, wind accounts for only about 1 percent of the world’s total energy use. (more…)
Designers in China have launched the first wind turbine levitating in the world of permanent magnetic levitation (Maglev) in the Wi ...
In 2001, there were 14,000 small wind turbines for home/domestic use in the United States. The market potential for national an ...
Germany is considered a world leader in wind energy deployment, with electricity production from wind having gone up more than eigh ...
The wind has covered every Sunday morning more than 50 percent of electricity & energy demand. It has also achieved the record high ...
The development of the ‘‘new’’ wind and solar technologies is of great importance for the future contribution of RESs to energy sup ...
If you are not up-to-date with scientific developments, you probably have not have heard of the process of converting gas to liquids. It might not sound like it could apply to many people, but in fact it should appeal to everyone. This newer method of using our natural resources to our advantage could be the key to less reliance on foreign energy sources, resulting in lower natural gas prices. (more…)
Anyone who wants to save money on gas should be interested in the process of underground coal gasification, or UCG. It is an al ...
Natural gas is found mainly in underground reservoirs and in coal beds. Natural gas is a fossil fuel that consist primarily of ...
At present, in the United States and worldwide, motor vehicles are fueled almost exclusively by petroleum based gasoline (or re ...
Coal is an important energy source and energy consumption in United States as well as worldwide. It will remain so for many yea ...
The gradual change in the energy consumption pattern of the United States from 1860 to 1990. In the mid-1800s, biomass, princi ...
Public acceptance (PA) clusters are defined by a number of rather intangible commonalties dealing with social values and public preferences. Societal values influencing the public acceptance of energy technologies include the following:
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The internalization of environmental external costs. In this respect, all energy technologies with high SO2 emission intensities form the acidification cluster; (more…)
10 benefits of Solar Energy: No 1 Solar energy is renewable. We never have to worry about running out of sunlight or usi ...
If water is put on the floor on a cleaning operation, it tends to dry rapidly after a short time. In this position, we say that ...
The first step in categorizing potential benefits and costs is determining the relevant scope of the analysis. We have concluded th ...
Natural gas is found mainly in underground reservoirs and in coal beds. Natural gas is a fossil fuel that consist primarily of ...
Extensive insulation repairs are usually done by contractors having the specific skills and equipment appropriate to the type o ...
Clean Development Mechanism or CDM in short, is an extension of Kyoto Protocol mechanism which objective is for encouraging transfer of technology from industrialized countries to developing countries. At first it is only in technology perspective, then it extend to transfer investments as well. It is expected that developed countries would invest projects to reduce gas emissions in developing countries. As a return, they get credits in Certified Emission Reductions —CER credits— which inline with emission restriction target and compliance with Kyoto Protocol standard to limit gas emission. (more…)
Renewable energy sources cannot run out and causes so little damage to the environment that its use does not need to be restric ...
Climate change caused by the enhanced greenhouse effect is one of the most significant global environmental issues. Increased emiss ...
The aim of emission trading is to achieve emissions reductions at the lowest economic cost. Emission trading occurs when a factory ...
Addressing global warming, however, is a highly complex and daunting endeavor. Many climate experts have urged the world to stabili ...
Ten industry giants – with business operations spanning the utilities, manufacturing, chemicals and financial-services sector – joi ...
Renewable energy sources cannot run out and causes so little damage to the environment that its use does not need to be restricted. No energy system based on mineral resources is renewable because, one day, the mineral deposits will be used up. This is true for fossil fuels and uranium. The debate about when a particular mineral resource will run out is irrelevant in this context. Renewable energy sources are replenished continuously.
Renewable energy sources—solar, wind, biomass (under specific conditions), and tides—are based directly or indirectly on solar energy. Hydroelectric power is not necessarily a renewable energy source because large-scale projects can cause ecological damage and irreversible consequences. Geothermal energy heat is renewable but must be used cautiously to guard against irreversible ecological effects. (more…)
Clean Development Mechanism or CDM in short, is an extension of Kyoto Protocol mechanism which objective is for encouraging transfe ...
Climate change caused by the enhanced greenhouse effect is one of the most significant global environmental issues. Increased emiss ...
Although technology change (usually involving an improvement in energy efficiency) is not inherently a geographic process, it does ...
There are various and somewhat complementary reasons to foster the growth of renewable energy sources in Europe. A major incent ...
In Europe, modern renewable energy sources technologies were explored thoroughly for the first time after the oil embargo/ price cr ...