Acid deposition and the associated particulate nitrates and sulfates are implicated in the deterioration of certain sensitive ecosystems, decreased visibility, negative human health effects, and increased degradation of certain stone building materials and cultural resources, especially those made of limestone and marble. Fine particulate nitrate and sulfate particles associated with acid deposition are implicated in aggravating cardiorespiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic bronchitis, especially in urban areas. In many cases estimating the impact of acid deposition on various ecosystems can be a difficult process because acid deposition is only one of many impacts that can effect a response. However, wet and dry acid deposition has been documented as a major factor in the following ecosystem responses. (more…)
The formation of acidic deposition is largely from the combustion of fossil fuels and the smelting of sulfide ores. Minor natur ...
The increased use of fossil energy since the industrial revolution, and especially since 1950, has been the major cause of incr ...
Although underground coal mines operations are not as visible as surface mining, their overall environmental impact can be greater ...
Historically, mining companies have extracted the earth’s resources wherever economics made it feasible, secure in their knowledge ...
Reductions in carbon intensity, C/E, the carbon emitted per unit of energy generated, reflect the degree to which societies decarbonize their energy sources. The long-term trend has been a shift from coal to oil to natural gas––hydrocarbons with decreasing C/H ratios emitting progressively less CO2 per joule. However, the increasing use of clean low-carbon fuels is not sustainable without somehow disposing of excess carbon because it opposes the trend in the abundance of fossil fuels, with coal resources being the most abundant followed by oil and gas. (more…)
The global cycling of carbon involves both biological and physical processes. Only the biological components are discussed here. Pl ...
The flux of carbon among terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric pools is at least partially controlled by photosynthetic process ...
It is of interest to examine potential sources of greenhouse gases sources or atmospheric CO2 by analysis of the global distrib ...
Climate change caused by the enhanced greenhouse effect is one of the most significant global environmental issues. Increased emiss ...
The global carbon cycle involves both biological and physical processes. Only the biological components are discussed here. Pla ...
To date, most discussion and research relating to the various of biomass role in mitigating CO2 emissions has been focused around its use as a fuel or as a sink. However, full utilization of the potential of biomass products, particularly from woody biomass, may provide significant opportunities. (more…)
Climate change caused by the enhanced greenhouse effect is one of the most significant global environmental issues. Increased emiss ...
Bioenergy produced from biomass is sometimes called a carbon-neutral energy source, because the same quantity of carbon released wh ...
The accumulation of carbon within a forest growth cycle can be considered in four stages. The initial establishment stage involves ...
The quantification of the actual reduction in green house gases sourcess emissions resulting from the substitution of fossil fu ...
Estimation of the future technical potential of biomass as an energy source is dependent on assumptions with respect to land av ...
Bioenergy produced from biomass is sometimes called a carbon-neutral energy source, because the same quantity of carbon released when the biomass is burned is sequestered again when the crop or forest is re-grown. Referring to bioenergy as carbon neutral or having zero net emissions may be misleading; there are emissions associated with producing biomass, such as from fossil fuel used in cultivation, harvest, processing and transport, and in manufacture and construction of fuel conversion technology. (more…)
Climate change caused by the enhanced greenhouse effect is one of the most significant global environmental issues. Increased emiss ...
The quantification of the actual reduction in green house gases sourcess emissions resulting from the substitution of fossil fu ...
To date, most discussion and research relating to the various of biomass role in mitigating CO2 emissions has been focused around i ...
The future development of energy crops, to the level at which they would replace residues as the major bioenergy fuel source, will ...
Estimation of the future technical potential of biomass as an energy source is dependent on assumptions with respect to land av ...
Over the last decade, the number of countries researching the potential of biomass and bioenergy for energy services rose rapidly. This contributed to the biomass as solid and liquid fuels, an interesting and promising option among renewable energy sources available. This includes solid waste and biomass, which comprises of charcoal, firewood, energy crops and forestry and agricultural residues to produce heat and electricity, (more…)
Bioenergy produced from biomass is sometimes called a carbon-neutral energy source, because the same quantity of carbon released wh ...
The future development of energy crops, to the level at which they would replace residues as the major bioenergy fuel source, will ...
Estimation of the future technical potential of biomass as an energy source is dependent on assumptions with respect to land av ...
The quantification of the actual reduction in green house gases sourcess emissions resulting from the substitution of fossil fu ...
Biomass has been a main energy sources in the world since the beginning of civilization. It has been important in development p ...
Brazil produced about 18.5 million metric tones (20.4 tons) of processed sugar in the 2001/2002 harvest, with approximately 9.45 million metric tones (10.4 tons) used domestically and the rest exported. Brazilian sugar is mostly derived from sugarcane, a drought-tolerant tropical and subtropical crop containing about 12 to 17% sugars (90% sucrose, 10% glucose) and 68 to 72% moisture. Brazil grew about 272 million metric tones (300 million tons) of sugarcane in the 2001/2002 season, making it second to India in world cane production that year. In 1975, Brazil adopted a Pro-Alcool Program to convert sugar to ethanol to reduce dependence on petroleum imports that were damaging the economy. (more…)
The French Union of Petroleum Industries (UFIP) announced that from Wednesday 1 April, the French vehicles may use a new fuel cal ...
Because transportation is such a large contributor to global warming, both globally and in the United States, climate and energy ex ...
The global cycling of carbon involves both biological and physical processes. Only the biological components are discussed here. Pl ...
The future development of energy crops, to the level at which they would replace residues as the major bioenergy fuel source, will ...
The increase in the prices of major fuels, like gasoline and diesel fuel products is a major global problems recently. Those pr ...
Almost all fossil fuels use is by burning them to create energy. Burning process then produces waste products due to impurities in the fuel. There are few particulates as a resides and some gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds. These waste gases are then become air pollution orfossil fuels affecting our environment in destructive ways.
There are several types of air pollution: (more…)
The increased use of fossil energy since the industrial revolution, and especially since 1950, has been the major cause of incr ...
Smoke from biomass and coal combustion contains a large number of pollutants with known health hazards, including particulate matte ...
Prior to the Clean Air Act of 1990, environmental issues regulations were aimed at reducing emissions as they left the exhaust ...
In the beginning, human progress was limited by the amount of work in single day. This is only to feed themselves and their fam ...