The spark-ignition and compression-ignition engine and internal combustion engines technologies that are currently employed in motor vehicles were developed more than 100 years ago. These conventional vehicle technologies are fueled by petroleum-derived gasoline and diesel fuels (the socalled conventional fuels). Over the past 100 years, the conventional technologies have been dramatically improved, reducing cost and increasing performance. (more…)
ISO document 14040 identifies four areas for using life cycle analysis (LCA) results: (1) identifying opportunities to improve ...
The fuel cycle for a given transportation fuel includes the following processes: energy feedstock (or primary energy) product ...
There are different types of vehicle propulsion systems and the transportation fuels that have been studied for their potential ...
Because different studies have different system boundaries and parametric assumptions, the studies described in Section 7 resulted ...
For processes that produce multiple products, energy and emission burdens have to be allocated to individual products. ISO 14040 ad ...
The fuel cycle for a given transportation fuel includes the following processes: energy feedstock (or primary energy) production; biomass feedstock transportation and storage; fuel production; fuel transportation, storage, and distribution; and vehicle operations that involve fuel combustion air or other chemical energy conversions. The processes that precede vehicle operations are often referred to as the well-to-pump (WTP) stage, the vehicle operations are referred to as the pump-to-wheels (PTW) stage, and the entire fuel cycle is referred to as the well-to-wheels (WTW) cycle. Various models have been developed that allow researchers to conduct fuel cycle analyses of vehicle/fuel systems. The GREET (greenhouse gases, regulated emissions, and energy transportation) model, developed by Argonne National Laboratory, is in the public domain and, so far, more than 1000 users worldwide have used the model to predict the energy use and emissions associated with alternative fuels vehicles. The GREET model and its documents are posted on the Internet at http:// greet.anl.gov. (more…)
The spark-ignition and compression-ignition engine and internal combustion engines technologies that are currently employed in ...
Because different studies have different system boundaries and parametric assumptions, the studies described in Section 7 resulted ...
ISO document 14040 identifies four areas for using life cycle analysis (LCA) results: (1) identifying opportunities to improve ...
It shows Well-to-Wheels Greenhouse Gas emissions of the 23 vehicle/fuel systems. For each system, the bottom bar represents CO2 ...
The combination of well-to-pump results and the energy use and emissions associated with vehicle operation (also called the pum ...
Analysis of future light-duty transportation energy use require estimates of the impact of fuel prices on travel and fleet fuel economy, estimates of the fuel price elasticity of travel, fuel economy, and fuel consumption are ubiquitous in the literature. However, there is substantial disagreement about the magnitude of these elasticities because travel volumes, fuel economy, and fuel consumption are dependent on several variables other than fuel price and because fuel prices have tended to be volatile during the past few decades, thereby complicating attempts to estimate long-run elasticities. Thus, the magnitude of the effect of changes in fuel taxes in US on fleet fuel economy and on travel volumes and fuel consumption is also subject to considerable disagreement. (more…)
Economists have overwhelmingly favored fuel taxes over fuel economy standards as a means to reduce fuel or gasoline consumption ...
We know of no studies that have examined vehicle taxation incentives programs elsewhere in the world, but it seems likely that ...
Whatever the actual motivation, American policymakers perceived a need after 1973 to restrict automobile and light truck cons ...
This latter form of new car taxes can actually serve as an impediment to higher fuel economy to the extent that increased energ ...
Federal Excise Taxes placed on specific energy sources tend to reduce energy demand for these energy sources in both the short ...
An important element for the entire infrastructure of hydrogen energy infrastructure is having hydrogen delivery system the safely and efficiently deliver hydrogen from productions sites to end stations. Hydrogen delivery methods are varying widely, most of them depend on the hydrogen production method and end use. Currently, hydrogen is transferred to a limited number of production plants by using pipeline or transported by road via cylinders, tube trailers. (more…)
The issues of hydrogen storage run through the hydrogen production, hydrogen transport, supply and demand for end use of hydrog ...
Hydrogen has many applications when it comes to fuel. It can be used both in internal combustion engines and hydrogen fuel cells. ...
With ethanol’s future uncertain, many commentators see the transportation debate evolving into a war between two other technologies ...
Scientists at the Carnegie Institution have found that using a high pressure can create a very unique material for storing hydr ...
All of today’s hydrogen conversion products, demonstration models, and prototypes possess some deficiencies; they cannot yet pr ...
All of today’s hydrogen conversion products, demonstration models, and prototypes possess some deficiencies; they cannot yet provide, at an affordable cost, the level and quality of energy services, and hydrogen delivery system demanded by a broad base of consumers. While fuel cell technologies have generated much excitement, they are still in various stages of maturity. Most have not been manufactured in large quantities and numerous performance issues—including durability, (more…)
Hydrogen has many applications when it comes to fuel. It can be used both in internal combustion engines and hydrogen fuel cells. ...
The issues of hydrogen storage run through the hydrogen production, hydrogen transport, supply and demand for end use of hydrog ...
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen with oxygen to generate electricity, heat and water to produce. ...
Fuel cells are typically classified according to type of electrolyte. While many varieties of fuel cells have been demonstrated ...
The commercialization prospects for fuel cell vehicles depend not only on their performance and cost, but also on how well th ...